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Sectorization

Before ehding this presentation on mass spectrometry, we should cite the existence of spectrometers for which the method of sorting ions coming from the source is different from the magnetic sector. These are mainly quadripolar analyzers and, to a lesser degree, analyzers measuring the ion s time of flight. [Pg.53]

The quadripolar spectrometers whose resolution is limited to about 2000 are of simpler design than the magnetic sectors and are less costly. They are often used in conjunction with gas chromatography (see section 3.3) for purposes of identification. [Pg.53]

Utilization of LPG as motor fuel represents only a tiny fraction of the market, on the order of 30,000 t/an in France out of a total 3,000,000 t that is, about 1%. Globally, the fraction of LPG used in the transportation industry is on the order of 5% the other applications are essentially petrochemicals (25%) and the heating fuel sectors (70%). However noticeable openings in the LPG-fuel markets in some countries such as Japan (1.8 Mt), the United States (1.3 Mt), the Netherlands (0.9 Mt), Italy (0.8 Mt) and in certain regions (Latin America, Africa, and the Far East) have been observed for specialized vehicles such as taxis. [Pg.230]

In the industrial combustion sector, for a total French market of 6 Mt in 1993, the distribution between the four product types was as follows f/o ... [Pg.235]

For convenience, the probability axis may be split into three equal sectors in order to be able to represent the curve by just three points. Each point represents the average value of reserves within the sector. Again for convenience, the three values correspond to chosen cumulative probabilities (85%, 50%, and 15%), and are denoted by the values ... [Pg.163]

Introduction and commercial application Investment opportunities in the exploration and production (E P) sector of oil and gas business are abundant. Despite areas such as the North Sea, Gulf of Mexico and the North Slope in Alaska being mature areas, there are still many new fields under development in those regions, and new areas of business interest are opening up in South America, Africa and South East Asia. Some fields which have a production history of decades are being redeveloped, such as the Pedernales Field in Venezuela. [Pg.303]

The case of thin-skin regime appears in various industrial sectors such as aerospace (with aluminium parts) and also nuclear in tubes (with ferromagnetic parts or mild steel components). The detection of deeper defects depends of course on the choice of the frequency and the dimension of the probe. Modelling can evaluate different solutions for a type of testing in order to help to choose the best NDT system. [Pg.147]

However, in various industrial sectors the application of the radioscopic inspection technique is aggravated by a lack of the respective standards, contrary to radiography. This leads to complicated approval bureaucracy by the respective supervisory or certificatiomn authorities. [Pg.437]

Fig. 6. Test with one segment of 6 sector transducer in pulse-echo mode on aluminium plate, (a) no defect (b) defect simulated with mercury droplet (c) defect position. Fig. 6. Test with one segment of 6 sector transducer in pulse-echo mode on aluminium plate, (a) no defect (b) defect simulated with mercury droplet (c) defect position.
In practice, only a limited number of views are available the scanned sector is typically 180 or 360°, and the angular increment 2°. Moreover the frequency band-width of the employed pulses is very limited, typically one octave. The resolving power of the system is then limited. A typical numerical signal is composed of 1024 samples at a sampling period of 50 nsec. [Pg.746]

In wide sectors of industry there is a growing need of inspection methods which go without liquid coupling media. The excitation of bulk and surface waves by means of air-coupled ultrasonic probes is therefore an attractive tool for NDE. This is tme e.g. for the rapid scanning of large composite structures in the aerospace industry [1]. In other cases, the use of liquid couplants is prohibitive like the thickness measurement of powder layers. [Pg.840]

To support them, therefore, immense activities are prompted both in pubh c private sectors with increasing importance on NDT. The particular application of radiography using Ir-192 isotopes for industrial production, construction maintenance of industries, power plants, oil and gas pipelines plants, railway, aviation systems, naval structures and vessels, etc is currently in the fore front for its reliabih ly, ease of application record keeping advantages. [Pg.919]

The principles referred to so far are common to all New Approach directives. The individual directives obviously need to be specific on topics such as the scope, the essential requirements, the classification of the products and on the use of modules for conformity assessment. The pressure equipment directive includes some additional sector specific dispositions which relate to recognised third party organisations , the European approval for materials , a committee for pressure equipment and the user inspectorates . [Pg.940]

In compliance with the requirements stated in the System of accreditation to the practical experience and qualification the technical manager in NDT must have at least level 2 on each of NDT methods used in the laboratory seeking accreditation, where not more than 3 NDT methods are in practice, and level 3 on the basic method used in the laboratory where there are more than 3 methods. Moreover all specialists must be certified in relevant NDT method and industrial sector. [Pg.957]

Metrological attestation as the procedure that ensures reproducibility and comparability of the results of measurements is specified in GOST 8.010-90 State System of Measurements. Procedures of Measurements Implementation didn t find wide use in NDT. In airspace industry, railway and naval transport the requirements of approval of test procedures is in force more than 20 years. In chemical and oil-chemical sectors the similar requirements were less explicit. In some industries, for example in building GOST 8.010-90 was not put into account. [Pg.960]

Cullen reviewed this philosophy and the way in which it was applied, endorsing the approach and recommending that it should be applied to the offshore sector... [Pg.1010]

This equation may be solved by the same methods as used with the nonreactive coupled-channel equations (discussed later in section A3.11.4.2). Flowever, because F(p, p) changes rapidly with p, it is desirable to periodically change the expansion basis set ip. To do this we divide the range of p to be integrated into sectors and within each sector choose a (usually the midpoint) to define local eigenfimctions. The coiipled-chaimel equations just given then apply withm each sector, but at sector boundaries we change basis sets. Let y and 2 be the associated with adjacent sectors. Then, at the sector boundary p we require... [Pg.976]

Figure Bl.6.3 Electron energy analysers that use magnetic fields (a) the trochoidal analyser employing an electromagnet, (b) the Wien filter and (c) the sector magnet analyser. Trajectories for electrons of different energies are shown. Figure Bl.6.3 Electron energy analysers that use magnetic fields (a) the trochoidal analyser employing an electromagnet, (b) the Wien filter and (c) the sector magnet analyser. Trajectories for electrons of different energies are shown.
The chapter is divided into sections, one for each general class of mass spectrometer magnetic sector, quadnipole, time-of-flight and ion cyclotron resonance. The experiments perfonned by each are quite often unique and so have been discussed separately under each heading. [Pg.1329]

Figure Bl.7.4. Schematic diagram of a reverse geometry (BE) magnetic sector mass spectrometer ion source (1) focusing lens (2) magnetic sector (3) field-free region (4) beam resolving slits (5) electrostatic sector (6) electron multiplier detector (7). Second field-free region components collision cells (8) and beam deflection electrodes (9). Figure Bl.7.4. Schematic diagram of a reverse geometry (BE) magnetic sector mass spectrometer ion source (1) focusing lens (2) magnetic sector (3) field-free region (4) beam resolving slits (5) electrostatic sector (6) electron multiplier detector (7). Second field-free region components collision cells (8) and beam deflection electrodes (9).
Most instruments are configured with a fixed value for the radius of curvature, r, so changing the value of B selectively passes ions of particular values of momentum, mv, tlirough tlie magnetic sector. Thus, it is really the momentum that is selected by a magnetic sector, not mass. We can convert this expression to one involving the accelerating potential. [Pg.1333]

Magnetic sector instruments typically operate with ion sources held at a potential of between 6 and 10 kV. This results in ions with keV translational kinetic energies. The ion kinetic energy can be written as zt V = Ifur and thus the ion velocity is given by the relationship... [Pg.1333]

In odier words, ions with a particular mass-to-charge ratio, m/z, can be selectively passed tlirough the magnetic sector by appropriate choice of a value of V and B (though nonnally V is held constant and only B is varied). [Pg.1334]

Magnetic sectors can be used on their own, or in conjunction with energy analysers to fomi a tandem mass spectrometer. The unique features of the reverse geometry instrument are presented from this point. [Pg.1334]

The electrostatic sector consists of two curved parallel plates between which is applied a potential difference producing an electric field of strengtir E. Transmission of an ion tlirough the sector is governed by the following relationship... [Pg.1334]

A single magnetic sector can be used as a mass filter for other apparatus. However, much more infonnation of the simple mass spectrum of a species can be obtained using the tandem mass spectrometer. [Pg.1335]

Ions accelerated out of the ion source with keV translational kinetic energies (and m/z selected with the magnetic sector) will arrive in the FFR of the instrument in several microseconds. Ions dissociating on this... [Pg.1335]

In the FFR of the sector mass spectrometer, the unimolecular decomposition fragments, and B, of tire mass selected metastable ion AB will, by the conservation of energy and momentum, have lower translational kinetic energy, T, than their precursor ... [Pg.1335]

Figure Bl.7.5. (a) MIKE spectrum of the iinimoleciilar decomposition of 1-butene ions (m/z 56). This spectrum was obtained in the second field-free region of a reverse geometry magnetic sector mass... Figure Bl.7.5. (a) MIKE spectrum of the iinimoleciilar decomposition of 1-butene ions (m/z 56). This spectrum was obtained in the second field-free region of a reverse geometry magnetic sector mass...

See other pages where Sectorization is mentioned: [Pg.57]    [Pg.117]    [Pg.719]    [Pg.719]    [Pg.917]    [Pg.918]    [Pg.919]    [Pg.920]    [Pg.921]    [Pg.938]    [Pg.953]    [Pg.966]    [Pg.1011]    [Pg.1311]    [Pg.1332]    [Pg.1332]    [Pg.1333]    [Pg.1333]    [Pg.1334]    [Pg.1334]    [Pg.1335]    [Pg.1336]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.116 ]




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Adjusting the Resolving Power of a Sector Instrument

Agricultural sector

Agricultural sector model

Analysis of investment flows by sector

Analyzer double-focusing sector field

Analyzer magnetic sector field

Analyzers Double-Focusing Magnetic Sector Technology

Annular sector ducts

Applications for Renewable Raw Materials in the Plastic and Food Sectors

Applications of nanotechnology in the defense sector

Automotive sector

Automotive sector applications

Average price per item prescribed in the public health sector

Banking/finance sector

Benzene sector rule

Biomedical sector

Biotechnology sector trends

Business sectors

CA1 sector

Centerpiece sector-shaped

Chemical Sector Survey

Chemical magnetic sector mass spectrometer

China chemicals sector

Circular sector

Circular sector ducts

Commercial and Food Sector Sources of Waste Plastic

Commodity chemicals sector

Complex multilayered sector column

Compliance Sector Notebook

Corrosion automobile sector

Country-based sector analysis

Crystal lamella sectorization, polyethylene

Defence sector

Defense sector

Denmark industry sector

Denmark power sector

Double focusing magnetic sector instrument

Double focussing magnetic sector

Double focussing sector field mass

Double focussing sector field mass spectrometer

Double-Focusing Sector Instruments

Double-focusing magnetic sector

Double-focusing magnetic sector mass analyzer

Double-focusing sector

Double-focusing sector field

Double-focusing sector field ICP mass spectrometry

Double-focusing sector field mass

Double-focusing sector field mass spectrometer

Double-focusing sector field mass spectrometer with Mattauch-Herzog geometry

Double-focusing sector field mass spectrometer with Nier-Johnson geometry

Double-focusing sector mass

Double-focusing sector mass spectrometer

Economic sector

Economics sector

Economy, service sector

Economy, service sector manufacturing

Electric sector

Electric sector analyzers

Electric sector fields

Electric sector instruments

Electric sector mass spectrometers

Electric-Sector Section

Electricity sectors, energy evaluations

Electromagnetic sector field

Electron magnetic sector spectrometer

Electrostatic Analyzer (Electric Sector)

Electrostatic sector

Electrostatic sector analyzer

Elliptic sectors

Emergence of sector requirements

End User Sectors

End-use sectors

Energy efficiency commercial sector

Energy efficiency industrial sector

Energy efficiency transportation sector

Energy industrial sector

Energy industry sector

Energy sector

Energy sector, fossil

Eurobonds sectors

Evolution, sector

Examples of socio-economic sectors affected by changes in the cryosphere

Exposure to Market Sectors

Faith-based sector

Financial Sector Companies

Fine chemicals sector

Fock space orbitals/sector

Food chain management sector

Food processing sector

Food waste processing sector

Four-sector instruments

Four-sector tandem mass spectrometry

Fuel cells sectoral changes

Further Improvement of Sector Instruments

General rubber goods sector

Geometries of Double-Focusing Sector Instruments

Glass ceramics sector

Glow discharge mass spectrometry magnetic sector

Glow discharge-sector field mass spectrometry

Growth sector

Growth sector boundaries

Growth sectors, diamond

Growth selected sectors

Health Sector Services Fund

Health food sector

Health sector

Health sector Programme

Health sector local products

Health sector market structure

Health sector organization

Healthcare sectors

Hemispherical sector analyzer

High resolution sector mass spectrometers

Higher quality, 172 industrial sectors

Home furnishing sector

Homogeneous sector models

Hybrid sector instruments

Hydrogen and the electricity sector

Impacts of fuel cells on the service sector

Indian pharmaceutical sector

Inductively coupled plasma mass sector

Inductively coupled plasma mass sector-field

Inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry

Industrial sector

Industrial sectors, materials integration

Industry sector

Industry sector CERs

Industry sector, thermal energy from

Industry sectors compounding

Industry sectors machinery

Industry sectors polymer manufacturing

Industry sectors processing

Innovations in Sector Instruments

Instrumentation sector

Intellectual property private sector

International Public Sector Accounting Standards

International Public Sector Accounting Standards IPSAS)

Investments, private sector

Isotopic analyses magnetic sector

Jorgensen sector rule

Kenya public sector

Kinetic energy, magnetic sector

Lactone sector rule

Laser Ablation Cluster Source with a Magnetic Sector Mass Selector at the University of California, Santa Barbara

MALDI magnetic sector

Machinery and equipment sector

Machinery sector

Magnetic Sector Mass Analysers

Magnetic and Electric Sector Instruments

Magnetic sector

Magnetic sector analyser

Magnetic sector analyzer

Magnetic sector analyzer Mattauch-Herzog

Magnetic sector analyzer double-focusing

Magnetic sector analyzer magnet scan

Magnetic sector analyzer operating modes

Magnetic sector analyzer principle

Magnetic sector analyzer reversed geometry

Magnetic sector analyzer setting resolution

Magnetic sector analyzer tandem

Magnetic sector atom-probe

Magnetic sector electrostatic analyzer

Magnetic sector field

Magnetic sector field instruments

Magnetic sector field mass spectrometer

Magnetic sector illustration

Magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass

Magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry , determination

Magnetic sector instrument

Magnetic sector instrument configuration

Magnetic sector mass analyzer method

Magnetic sector mass analyzer technology

Magnetic sector mass analyzer with electron ionization

Magnetic sector mass selector

Magnetic sector mass spectrometers

Magnetic sector mass spectrometers Mattauch-Herzog geometry

Magnetic sector mass spectrometers double-focusing

Magnetic sector mass spectrometers electrostatic analyzer

Magnetic sector mass spectrometers linked scans

Magnetic sector mass spectrometers performance characteristics

Magnetic sector mass spectrometers principle

Magnetic sector spectrometer

Magnetic sector-QIT

Magnetic sector-oaTOF

Magnetic sector-quadrupole hybrid

Magnetic sectors mass

Magnetic sectors mass spectrometric

Magnetic-Sector Tandem Mass Spectrometers

Magnetic-sector mass spectrometry, linked scanning

Magnetic-sector optics

Magnetic/electric-sector

Magnetron Cluster Source with a Magnetic Sector at HZB

Major sectors and their products

Management, private sector

Management, private sector participation

Manufacturing sector

Manufacturing service sector growth

Market sectors

Mass Spectrometry of Small Molecules Magnetic-Sector Instruments

Mass Spectrometry of Small Molecules Magnetic-Sector nstruments

Mass analysis magnetic sector

Mass analyzer magnetic sector

Mass analyzers, electrostatic magnetic sector

Mass sector field

Mass spectrometer high-voltage, double-focusing, sector

Mass spectrometer magnetic/electric-sector

Mass spectrometer sector field

Mass spectrometers, isotopic analyses magnetic sector

Mass spectrometry analyzers magnetic/electric sector

Mass spectrometry magnetic sector instruments

Mass spectrometry magnetic-sector

Mass spectrometry sector instruments

Mattauch-Herzog-type sector field instrument

Mechanical sector transducers

Metallurgical sector

Multi-Sector Instruments

Multi-sector mass spectrometers

Multiple sector analysers

Multiple sector instruments, mass spectrometry

National health services public sector

Nontire sector

Nuclear sector

Offshore Industrial Sector Risk Picture

Operation of the Combined Magnetic and TOF Sectors as a Hybrid Instrument

Opportunities for Research and Development in the Minerals Sector

Other Benefits of Magnetic Sector Instruments

Packaging market sectors

Pharmaceutical sector

Pharmaceutical sector environment

Pharmacist sector

Photovoltaic sector

Poland sectoral level

Policy measures to promote biofuels and GHG-emissions reduction in the transport sector

Polyethylene single crystal, sectorization

Prices/pricing private sector local products

Primary energy, consumption sectors

Principle of the Magnetic Sector

Private sector

Private sector links

Private sector participation

Private sector social support

Private sector: public functions

Private-Sector Benefits

Private-Sector Decisionmakers

Process sector

Procurement public sector

Projected population growth by sector

Protecting the Energy Sector

Public policy decisions, private sector

Public sector

Public sector loans

Public sector research, development/regulation

Public sector services

Public utilities sector

Quadrupole and Magnetic Sector Instruments

Regulation, public sector

Relative sectoral market shares

Research Opportunities and Challenges in the Energy Sector

Research-based sectors

Resolution magnetic sector

Rotating sector

Rotating sector intermittent illumination

Rotating sector method

Rotating sector technique

Rotating sector technique, and

Rotating sectored disk

Rubber sector

Sector

Sector

Sector Ducts

Sector Groups

Sector Profile

Sector Specific Experience of Wood Dust and Toluene

Sector analysers

Sector analyzers

Sector backward

Sector column structure

Sector control

Sector dilation

Sector field

Sector field ICP

Sector field analysers

Sector field analyzers

Sector field analyzers electric

Sector field analyzers lens effect

Sector field analyzers prism effect

Sector field analyzers spectrometers

Sector field high-resolution

Sector field mass spectrometry

Sector focused cyclotron

Sector forward

Sector high mass resolution with

Sector instruments

Sector map

Sector mass analyzers

Sector mass spectrometers

Sector mass spectrometry

Sector method

Sector mirror

Sector model experiments

Sector of First Position by Cohort

Sector of a circle

Sector overview

Sector progress

Sector rules

Sector specific

Sector spherical

Sector zoning

Sector-Specific Actions

Sector-quadrupoles. hybrid instruments

Sector-shaped ultracentrifuge cell

Sector-type mass spectrometer (

Sectoral changes induced by fuel cells

Sectoral harmonics

Sectoral market shares

Sectoral systems of innovation

Sectoring

Sectoring Strain Selection and Development

Sectors commercial

Sectors concentration, measurement

Sectors of Applications

Sectors performance, driving force

Sectors residential

Sectors rotation, importance

Sectors usage

Sectors, plastics industry

Sectors, plastics industry compounding

Sectors, plastics industry machinery

Sectors, plastics industry polymer manufacturing

Sectors, plastics industry processing

Separation, 231 magnetic-sector

Service sector employment

Services sector

Services sector characteristics

Services sector employees

Services sector professionals

Services sector service recovery

Setting the Resolution of a Sector Instrument

Shared Goals for Sector Security

Single double-focusing sector field mass

Single high mass resolution with sector field

Single-focusing magnetic sector

Spectral high mass resolution with sector field

Structure of the petroleum sector in Russia

Sweden trading sector

Synthetic polymer sector

Tandem MS with Magnetic Sector Instruments

Tanzania public sector

Telecommunication Development Sector

The Chemical Sector

The Choice of Quadrupole or Magnetic-Sector Instruments

The Double-Focusing and Tri-Sector Mass Analysers

The Magnetic Sector Analyser

The Magnetic Sector Mass Analyzer

The Magnetic Sector Mass Spectrometer

The biomedical sector

The magnetic-sector design

Thermal ionization magnetic sector

Transmission sector field

Transportation Sector

Transportation sector, energy

Triple-sector quadrupole tandem mass

Triple-sector quadrupole tandem mass analysers

Two sector economy

United States electricity sector

Use of Magnetic Sector Technology for ICP-MS

Vicinal sector

Voluntary sector

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