Energy efficiency transportation sector

Eor specific applications, we can calculate the ratio of the measure of the goods or sendees provided to the energy input required. For example, in the transportation sector, energy efficiency is based on miles per gallon for personal vehicles, seat-miles per gallon for mass transit, and ton-miles per gallon for freight transportation. 

As for the competition between hydrogen and electricity from renewable energies in the transport sector, it is clear that the use of renewable electricity in battery-electric vehicles is by far the most efficient application and yields a much higher C02 reduction than hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, owing to the high discharge rate of... 

Methanol can be produced from biomass, essentially any primary energy somce. Thus, the choice of fuel in the transportation sector is to some extent determined by the availability of biomass. As regards to the difference between hydrogen and methanol production costs, conversion of natural gas, biomass and coal into hydrogen is generally more energy efficient and less expensive than the conversion into methanol. 

Conservation in the transportation sector holds similar potential. The U.S. transportation sector consumes 28% of the total energy use, or approximately 28 Q. Today, in the United States it requires 35% more gasoline to drive a mile than it does in Europe. If U.S. transportation efficiency was increased to the European level, the savings would amount to 9 Q, which alone exceeds the total oil imports from the Middle East. 

---