Ensuring that all

Alternative superstructures to those in Figs. 16.26 and 16.27 can be developed. On the one hand, it is desirable to include many structural options to ensure that all features which are candidates for an optimal solution have been included. On the other hand, including more and more structural features increases the computational load dramatically. Thus care should be taken not to include unnecessary features in the superstructure. 

In 1986 when the oil price crashed to 10 a barrel, operators began to look very hard at the requirements for offshore developments and novel slimline, reduced facilities platforms began to be considered. The reduced capital outlay and early production start up capability, coupled with the added flexibility, ensured that all companies now consider subsea systems as an important field development technique. Although the interest and investment in subsea systems increased dramatically, subsea systems still had to compete with the new generation of platforms, which were becoming lighter and cheaper. 

Ensure that all the individual components in the assembly are adequately supported when in position the friction between contiguous ground-glass surfaces does not provide adequate support. Therefore always use clamps, the claws of which are lined with rubber or other soft material. When assembling apparatus, allow some play in the clamps until the individual parts are in position, and then secure the position of the assembly by gently increasing the pressure of the clamps. 

Care must be taken to ensure that all connections are gas-tight. 

This calibration procedure, which must be demonstrated at the start of each working period (or 12-hour shift) ensures that all samples are analyzed with respect to a known reference point of the mass spectrometer. 

The pusher electrode must be operated by placing very short pulses of electric potential on it. The short pulses are required to ensure that all the ions are started at the same time along the TOP analyzer, since the latter must time the flights of the ions very accurately in order to measure m/z values. 

Problems associated with excessive levels of nutrients and unwanted nuisance species have already been mentioned. There are cases in which intentional fertilization is used by aquaculturists in order to produce desirable types of natural food for the species under culture. Examples of this approach include inorganic fertilizer appHcations in ponds to promote phytoplankton and zooplankton blooms that provide food for young fish such as channel catfish, the development of algal mats through fertilization of milkfish ponds, and the use of organic fertilizers (from Hvestock and human excrement) in Chinese carp ponds to encourage the growth of phytoplankton, macrophytes, and benthic invertebrates. In the latter instance, various species of carp with different food habits are stocked to ensure that all of the types of natural foods produced as a result of fertilization are consumed. 

When constmction is complete, the pipeline must be tested for leaks and strength before being put into service industry code specifies the test procedures. Water is the test fluid of choice for natural gas pipelines, and hydrostatic testing is often carried out beyond the yield strength in order to reHeve secondary stresses added during constmction or to ensure that all defects are found. Industry code limits on the hoop stress control the test pressures, which are also limited by location classification based on population. Hoop stress is calculated from the formula, S = PD/2t, where S is the hoop stress in kPa (psig) P is the internal pressure in kPa (psig), and D and T are the outside pipe diameter and nominal wall thickness, respectively, in mm (in.). 

Cellulose esters are considered nontoxic and may be used in food-contact appHcations. However, since cellulose esters normally are not used alone, formulators of coatings and films for use in food packaging should ensure that all ingredients in their formulations are cleared by the United States Food and Dmg Administration for such use. 

Wet-Chemical Determinations. Both water-soluble and prepared insoluble samples must be treated to ensure that all the chromium is present as Cr(VI). For water-soluble Cr(III) compounds, the oxidation is easily accompHshed using dilute sodium hydroxide, dilute hydrogen peroxide, and heat. Any excess peroxide can be destroyed by adding a catalyst and boiling the alkaline solution for a short time (101). Appropriate ahquot portions of the samples are acidified and chromium is found by titration either using a standard ferrous solution or a standard thiosulfate solution after addition of potassium iodide to generate an iodine equivalent. The ferrous endpoint is found either potentiometricaHy or by visual indicators, such as ferroin, a complex of iron(II) and o-phenanthroline, and the thiosulfate endpoint is ascertained using starch as an indicator. 

Top-Feed Procedure The sequence of operations with a top-feed leaf test is the same as in a bottom-feed test, except that the leaf is not immersed in the sluriy. The best method for transferring the slurry to the top-feed leaf is, of course, a function of the characteristics of the sluriy. If the particles in the sluriy do not settle rapidly, the feed can usually be transferred to the leaf from a beaker. If, however, the particles settle veiy rapidly, it is virtually impossible to pour the slurry out of a beaker satisfactorily. In this case, the best method is to make use of an Erlenmeyer flask, preferably one made of plastic. The slurry is swirled in the flask until it is completely suspended and then abruptly inverted over the leaf. This technique will ensure that all of the sohds are transferred to the leaf. 

Determine status of all open customer orders and ensure that all shipments have been billed. ... 

An alternative method, proposed by Andersen [23], shows that the coupling to the heat bath is represented by stochastic impulsive forces that act occasionally on randomly selected particles. Between stochastic collisions, the system evolves at constant energy according to the normal Newtonian laws of motion. The stochastic collisions ensure that all accessible constant-energy shells are visited according to their Boltzmann weight and therefore yield a canonical ensemble. 

One of the major funetions of the eombined eontrol-proteetion system is to perform the startup sequenee. This sequenee ensures that all subsystems of the gas turbine perform satisfaetorily, and the turbine does not heat too rapidly or overheat during startup. The exaet sequenee will vary for eaeh manufaeturer s engine, and the owner s and operator s manual should be eonsulted for details. 

The checkers found that, in view of the limited solubility of triphenylene in ether (about 1 g. per 100 ml.), care must be exercised in the extraction to ensure that all the product is removed. 

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