Magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass

Shen C-C, Edwards RL, Cheng H, Dorale JA, Thomas RB, Moran SB, Weinstein S, Edmonds HN (2002) Uranium and thorium isotopic and concentration measurements by magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Chem Geol 185 165-178 Shen GT, Dunbar RB (1995) Environmental controls on uranium in reef corals. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59 2009-2024... 

A. M. Featherstone, A. T. Townsend, G. A. Jacobson, G. M. Peterson, Comparison of methods for the determination of total selenium in plasma by magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 512 (2004), 319D327. 

Riondato j, Vanhaegke F, Moens L and Dams R (1997) Determination of trace and ultratrace elements in human serum with a double focusing magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. J Anal At Spectrom 12 933-937. 

Pappas, R. S., Ting, B. G., and Paschal, D. C. 2004. Rapid analysis for plutonium-239 in 1 ml of urine by magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a desolvating introduction system. J Anal Atom Spectrom 19(6), 762-766. 

Pereira de Oliveira O, Sarkis JES, Ponzevera E, Alonso A, De Bolle W, Quetel C (2008) Evaluating the accuracy of uranium isotope amount ratio measurements performed by a quadrupole and a multi-collector magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers for nuclear safeguards. In Atalante 2008 nuclear fuel cycle for a sustainable future, Montpellier, 19-23 May... 

Improvements in instrumentation with inductively coupled plasma ion sources, especially with the sensitivity available with plasma-source double-focusing magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MS-ICP-MS) instrumentation, have enabled similar accuracy as that which can be obtained using... 

Pappas, R.S., Ting, B.G., Jarret, J.M. et al. (2002). Determination of uranium-235, uranium-238 and thorium-232 in urine by magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrosc. 17,131-134. 

Gwiazda, R., Woolard, D., and Smith, D. (1998). Improved lead isotope ratio measurements in environmental and biological samples with a double focussii magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).J. Anal. Ar. Spearom. 13(11), 1233. 

Odegard, M., Dundas, S. H., Rem, B., and Grimstvedt, A. (1998) Application of a double-focusing magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer with laser ablation for the bulk analysis of rare earth elements in rocks fused with Li2B407. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 362,411 2. 

Case, C. R, Ellis, L., Tumo", J. C., and Fairman, B. (2001) Development of a routine method for the determination of trace metals in whole blood by magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with particular relevance to patients with total hip and knee arthroplasty. Clin. Chem., 47,275-80. 

M. Krachler, A. Alimonti, F. Petrucci, K. J. Irgoli , F. Forestiere, S. Caroli, Analytical problems in the determination of platinum-group metals in urine by quadrupole and magnetic sector E>eld inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 363 (1998), ID 10. 

M. Krachler, T. Prohaska, G. Koellensperger, E. Rossipal, G. Stingeder, Concentrations of selected trace elements in human milk and in infant formulas determined by magnetic sector field inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 76 (2000), 97-112. 

Begerov, J., Turfeld, M., Duneman, L. Determination of physiological palladium, platinum, iridium and gold levels in human blood using double focusing magnetic sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 12, 1095-1098 (1997)... 

CV-AAS, Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ETA-AAS, Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry FAAS, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry FIG-AAS, Flydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ICP-AES. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ID-MS, Isotopic Dilution Mass Spectrometry HR-ICP-MS, Magnetic Sector High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry NAA, Neutron Activation Analysis Q-ICP-MS, Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Z-ETA-AAS, Zeeman Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry... 

TIMS, depending on the application [3]. These developments with magnetic sector instruments include multiple Faraday cup detectors (multicollectors) and multiple ion counters. The Faraday cup multicollectors have enabled the determination of isotope ratios with accuracy and precision rivaling TIMS [4], Due to lower sensitivity and differences in instrument design, quadrupole instruments (quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [Q-ICP-MS]) have not demonstrated the same accuracy and precision as magnetic sector instruments, especially at low concentrations [5], Nevertheless, improvements in the sensitivity of quadrupole instrumentation have also increased their utility for many isotope ratio applications [6]. 

Schultheis, G., Prohaska, T, Stingeder, G., Dietrich, K., Jembrih-Simbtirger, D., Schreiner, M. (2004) Characterisation of ancient and art nouveau glass samples by Pb isotopic analysis using laser ablation coupled to a magnetic sector fleld inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-SF-MS). Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 19,838-843. 

Tresl, I., De Wannemacker, G., Quetel, C.R. et al. (2004). Validated measurements of the uranium isotopic signature in human urine using magnetic sector-field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 581-586. 

The first commercially available multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) setup was the Plasma 54, introduced in 1992 by VG Elemental. This mass spectrometer incorporated the detector platform from the Sector 54 thermal ionization mass spectrometer and included an electrostatic analyzer before the entrance to the magnetic sector. This instmment featured seven Faraday cups and a Daly detector. The Daly detector [7] incorporates an A1 knob maintained at +25 kV together with a scintillator screen and photomultiplier (Figure 3.2). Incoming ions are accelerated to the A1 knob and large numbers of secondary electrons are produced as result of the impact of these ions on the aluminum surface. These electrons are then accelerated towards the scintillator. 

The corabination of an inductively coupled plasma ion source and a magnetic sector-based mass spectrometer equipped with a multi-collector (MC) array [multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS)] offers precise and reliable isotope ratio data for many solid elements. In fact, MC-ICP-MS provides data, the trueness (accuracy) and precision of which is similar to, or, in some cases, even superior to, that achieved by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), considered the benchmark technique for isotope ratio measurements of most solid elements [1], The basic strength of ICP-MS lies in the ion source, which achieves extremely high ionization efficiency for almost all elements [2, 3]. Consequently, MC-ICP-MS is likely to become the method of choice for many geochemists, because it is a versatile, user-friendly, and efficient method for the isotopic analysis of trace elements [4-8], The ICP ion source also accepts dry sample aerosols generated by laser ablation [9-16], The combination of laser ablation (LA) with ICP-MS is now widely accepted as a sensitive analytical tool for the elemental and isotopic analysis of solid samples. 

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS), A major advance in analyses of both lead concentrations and isotopic compositions has been the development of ICPMS. Since the first commercial instrument was introduced in 1983 (Houk and Thompson 1988), this method has rapidly assumed a prominent position in many research laboratories (e.g., Barnes 1991 Hieftje and Vickers 1989). Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometers, in which the sample is introduced into a plasma with excitation temperatures (> 5000°K) that efficiently atomize and ionize lead into a mass spectrometer (quadrapole or magnetic sector), are becoming relatively inexpensive and efficient alternatives to TIMS and other established methods (AAS, XRFA, ASV, ICP-AES) (Barnes 1991 Delves and Campbell 1988). 

Iron has four stable isotopes, Fe (5.8%), Fe (91.7%), Fe (2.2%), and Fe (0.3%). The radioactive iron isotope is Fe, which could easily be generated by nuclear reactors. The abundances and concentrations of stable iron isotopes could be determined by various isotope analytical methods. Several analytical approaches have been used in recent years for the determination of stable isotopes of minerals. These methods include NAA, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electron impact mass spectrometry (EIMS), and magnetic sector, thermal... 

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