Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Regulation, public sector

Three submarkets of the pharmaceutical market can be distinguished innovative patented products sold by prescription, products whose patent has expired and are sold by prescription, and products sold without a prescription. The public regulation of prices in the first of these submarkets, and often also in the second, is a fact that can be observed in most Western countries, with certain notable exceptions such as the USA. Concern about the particular characteristics of the pharmaceutical market (for example, the existence of patents and the pharmaceutical industry s rate of return), together with the desire to provide the majority of the population with access to medicines, regardless of their ability to pay (in many countries the public sector is the main buyer in this market), has led to the fairly widespread adoption of more or less strict price intervention and control policies for pharmaceuticals. [Pg.35]

In this section, I do not examine the necessity and effects of public-sector involvement in the development or dissemination of basic knowledge. Those issues are discussed in a later chapter. This section focuses on the ex ante versus ex post information-gathering differences befween regulation and torts. [Pg.42]

The absence of judicial review and of independent, external scrutiny of regulatory agencies, combined with the small size and relative political impotence of Sweden s chemical industry and the strong anti-industry sentimentin important parts ofthe public sector, have produced overzealous regulation of chemicals. This state of affairs is almost perfectly demonstrated in the following example. [Pg.246]

Some will say, Let the public sector of society take over the job. This won t solve the cost problems of regulation or the probability of finding new and useful structures, and besides, society does not do well in the manufacturing business. [Pg.119]

In this context, it is first of all necessary to point out the Tjenestemcendslov, which was enacted in 1919 to regulate the remuneration and conditions of service on behalf of civil servants and public-sector employees. Since that time, this public service legislation - similar to the legal situation in Germany - has formed a part of administrative law, not labour law. It applies to state employees in particular positions (i.e. in the judiciary, the police force, etc.), church officials and elemen-taiy school teachers. Municipal public servants are essentially put on a par with state civil servants under municipal law. Notable elements here are the service relationship cannot be terminated by the employer an employee s removal from office is only possible as a result of a severe disciplinary offence followed by a judicial procedure under civil service law and, in cases where an official agency is... [Pg.228]

Consumers feel alienated from policy and though understanding of EU regulations is limited, participants in these focus groups were motivated to leam more about policy and to be involved in the policy process. This is demonstrated by participants belief that the public sector should subsidize organic food production, at least to the point at which a critical mass of organic food... [Pg.102]

Completing this gronp of issners are the public sector real estate lenders and one savings bank, the Pnblic Pfandbrief Act (OPG) governs all. The regulations set ont in the OPG are not comparable to the stringent legislation laid down in the HGB. [Pg.214]

Unionization in the public sector is regulated by both federal and state laws. [Pg.6]

Safety professionals should be aware that COBRA is administered by several federal agencies. The U.S. Department of Labor and Internal Revenue Service-Treasury Department have jurisdiction over private sector group health plans, and the Department of Health and Human Services governs public sector health plans. Safety professionals should be aware that the U.S. Department of Labor provides the regulations and interpretations addressing disclosure and notification requirements. [Pg.62]


See other pages where Regulation, public sector is mentioned: [Pg.43]    [Pg.43]    [Pg.40]    [Pg.131]    [Pg.157]    [Pg.26]    [Pg.209]    [Pg.130]    [Pg.139]    [Pg.241]    [Pg.46]    [Pg.1628]    [Pg.330]    [Pg.34]    [Pg.168]    [Pg.47]    [Pg.10]    [Pg.295]    [Pg.54]    [Pg.325]    [Pg.467]    [Pg.315]    [Pg.559]    [Pg.223]    [Pg.237]    [Pg.298]    [Pg.320]    [Pg.145]    [Pg.181]    [Pg.70]    [Pg.24]    [Pg.100]    [Pg.101]    [Pg.103]    [Pg.105]    [Pg.107]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.111]    [Pg.113]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.100 , Pg.101 , Pg.102 , Pg.103 , Pg.104 , Pg.105 , Pg.106 , Pg.107 , Pg.108 , Pg.109 , Pg.110 , Pg.111 ]




SEARCH



Public sector

Public sector research, development/regulation

Sector

Sectorization

© 2024 chempedia.info