Pharmacist sector

The difference between the monthly salary of a GMP inspector and of a head of production in a private pharmaceutical plant is considerable. The salary of a head of production is 3.3 times greater than that of a GMP inspector in Tunisia, and double that of a GMP inspector in Uganda. In these two countries, the gap between the monthly salary of a distribution-channel inspector and that of a pharmacist working in a retail pharmacy is smaller, but still significant. In Australia and the Netherlands, salaries for pharmaceutical professionals in the public and private sectors are comparable. Only in Cypms are GMP and distribution-channel inspectors better paid than their private-sector counterparts. 

In a recent seminar, a medical expert noted that the United States has given away economic and technical dominance in industry after industry to other countries. Healthcare research is one of the few areas in which the U.S. enjoys unparalleled leadership which has enormous impact on the quality of medical care. If the healthcare industry and the academic medical enterprise falters—and this is in danger right now—I think it will be an absolute disaster for this country [40]. Many in pharmacy, medicine, and other healthcare fields would concur with the above statement. The problem is that many others in the public sector do not fully appreciate what is at stake. Pharmacists have an opportunity to help tell the story, as difficult as it sometimes is to convey. 

In contrast to this, the main objective of price regulation in Spain is to contain the pharmaceutical bill of the SNS.14 The Directorate-General of Pharmacy fixes the ex-factory price of each and every one of the presentations of the pharmaceuticals included in public health care. This authorized price is the maximum ruling price in both the public health sector and direct sales to the public in pharmacies. Laboratories can only make price increases above the maximum price fixed for each presentation when the government authorizes a general price revision. The markups of distributing wholesalers and pharmacists are also fixed by the authorities as a percentage over the exfactory price. 

Health sector development is a vital government obligation. In a national health system, proper use of well known and newer essential medicines for priority health problems depends on certain minimal level of medical and pharmaceutical services. This includes inexpensive diagnostic test to confirm diagnosis, and well-informed trained clinicians, pharmacists, nurses and other health staff to help patients, especially those with chronic illnesses, to adhere to their treatments. An overall capacity strengthening of the health and supply systems is a pre-requisite to respond adequately to the increased medical and pharmaceutical needs of populations. 

In Part Vll we look at the role of governmental or national responsibilities. South African pharmacist Joao L. Carapinha addresses these issues from his country s perspective. Carapinha proposes a comprehensive public-private sector response to the treatment access challenge. He comes out strongly in favor of an interventionist government, noting the need for the developing country to intervene in the manufacturing sector and to direct it to produce affordable medications. 

There are 284 000 health workers in Indonesia in the government sector. These include physicians, dentists, pharmacists, paramedics, nurses and technicians. There are 40 000 health workers in the private sector. 

The Executive Secretary of ADRAC is Dr. Ian Boyd (Ian.Boyd health.gov.au), who administers the affairs of the committee. The Chair of the ADRAC committee is Dr. Timothy Mathew, a nephrologist based in Adelaide, South Australia. The current membership of the committee is constituted entirely of senior medical practitioners from locations around Australia. Each member has an extensive background in clinical and academic medicine, and all are highly respected by their peers. The Society of Hospital Pharmacists has recently lobbied without success for the addition of one or more senior clinical pharmacists to the committee. This request has been based on the sizable proportion of reports from the Australian hospital pharmacy sector and the unique skills and training that an appropriate pharmacist could bring to the committee. 

There are nearly 25,000 single-store independent pharmacies, independent chains, independent franchises, and independent pharmacist-owned supermarket pharmacies in the United States or nearly half of the 52,600 total stores in the pharmacy sector. Independent pharmacy today represents a 49 billion marketplace, where independents prescription sales are 41 billion or nearly one-half of the retail prescription market. Independent pharmacies dispense 1.1 billion prescriptions annually. 

In the healthcare sector, innovation is closely related to research and scientific evidence. We should increase our research on quality and also make it better.Then, it has to be published and disseminated. This should be done with high scientific level works, producing scientific evidence of quality. The study question should be less how am I doing it (pharmacist oriented) and more how do I improve the care offered to the patient (patient oriented). 

The Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SSHP) is the only national association of its kind to group together hospital pharmacists in Spain. The society is very well established within the profession due to its long tradition of protecting the interests of the sector. It has not always been easy to maintain the importance and representative of the society. However, due to the efforts of its presidents and the pharmacists themselves, it is now one of the most relevant hospital pharmacy societies in Spain and in Europe. 

The healthy development of the agri- and bio-technical sectors had its roots in the last three decades of the 19th century when chemists, pharmacists and bacteriologists assisted the new dairy cooperatives in order to turn the dairies into small chemical industries. One of the most successful of the new generation of applied scientists was Sigurd Orla-Jensen, a specialist in the chemistry and bacteriology of cheeses and the country s (and indeed the world s) first professor of biotechnical chemistry. There is a nice parallel between the development in production of dairy products in Denmark and Finland, where Virtanen played a role not unlike that of Orla-Jensen in Denmark. However, whereas the Finnish cooperatives established their own research laboratory. 

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