Examples of socio-economic sectors affected by changes in the cryosphere

Loss of coastal land and population displacement Transportation Shipping Barge traffic Tundra roads Road/Rail traffic Land ice melt contribution to sea level Iceberg hazard sea ice extent, thickness Freshwater ice season Freshwater ice roads frozen ground thaw Freeze events snowfall 

Water resources Consumption Irrigation Hydropower Agriculture Snow/Glacier melt runoff Snow/Glacier melt runoff Snow/Glacier melt runoff Moisture recharge extremes 

Hydrocarbon and mineral resource development Icebergs and sea ice frozen ground duration and thickness 

Wildlife population Snow cover frozen ground and sea ice 

Traditional lifestyles (Arctic, sub-Arctic and high mountain) Changes in sea ice and freshwater ice, snow cover, and frozen ground 

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Table 6.2. Examples of socio-economic sectors affected by changes in the cryosphere.

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