Financial Sector Companies

Another important measure for financial companies is liquidity. Due to the nature of the industry and the capital structure of banks, liquidity—or more accurately the lack of liquidity—is the primary reason behind banking failures. A bank that is unable to raise funds sufficiently quickly to meet demand will most probably fail, and certainly so if external support is not provided. An inability to raise funds may arise due to internal factors, such as a deterioration in earnings or a very poorly performing loan book, connected perhaps with a downgrade in credit rating, or from external factors, such as a major structural fault in the money markets. For credit analysis purposes, the traditional liquidity measures are  

A higher ratio indicates a greater safety cushion. A further consideration is the extent of lines of credit from other banks in the market. 

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Mixed horizon institutional investors are possibly the largest category of investors and will include general insurance companies and most corporate bodies. Like banks and financial sector companies, they are also very active in the primary market, issuing bonds to finance their operations. 

The term place refers to where the business will be located, or more generally, what channels will be employed to get the product or service to customers. Companies selling software to the financial sector will do well to locate in New York, London, and other major financial capitals to be close to companies in then-market. Companies that depend on recruiting specialized scientific and engineering talent will do well to locate near universities with excellent reputations in the needed talents. Of course, the virtual world of the Web has reduced somewhat the competitive advantage of physical presence or place. The Web permits customers almost anywhere to communicate, buy, and be serviced after the sale by companies that use e-mail, Web browsers, and other tools of online communication. 

The resulting report does not purport to be comprehensive but is an initial effort to bring to the attention of decision-makers in the corporate and financial sectors the linkages between strategic business decisions and environmental factors. If these linkages can be established, then it follows that environmental factors will influence financial results. However, to convey this type of thinking the report stresses the need for clear, accurate and relevant communication within companies and between companies and the financial community. 

The current accessible information from this company do not show any records on BDS activities, the most recent recorded event correspond to 2000 activities. On November 14, 2001, their report announced a restructuring process of the Company s Scientific Advisory Board, replacing members with scientists and physicians with experience in cancer, production of therapeutic proteins, preclinical development and clinical trials. That indication for a new orientation and focus to the health sector did not last enough, and soon after, the company disappeared from the SEC (and any other financial) listing. 

The main facets of the oil and gas industry are exploration, production, refining, transportation and marketing. A brief description of each of these sectors is provided in this chapter. Although some petroleum companies are fully integrated with each of these operations others are segmented and only operate in their particular area of expertise or highest financial return. 

Following the concept of HTS, the demands within the pharmaceutical sector to reduce the overall costs and to improve process efficiencies have became significant in recent years, and in this scenario the major challenges exist for companies trying to establish financially available and robust manufacturing processes for increasingly complex therapeutics. 

Skanska is one of the world s largest construction companies and was ranked by the Financial Times as the world s most respected company in the property and construction sector. Skanska Sweden was a leader in developing a national, industry-wide chemical database. The Skanska database now contains over 5,000 chemical products and stipulates if a substance is banned from use, should be avoided or represents an environmentally favourable choice. This positive approach, based on the substitution principle, prevents the company being stifled by the prohibition of a substance, since existing alternatives are instantly presented. 

At the sectoral level, national sector-specific CP strategies should be developed. This would allow CP interventions at company level to be put into a broader perspective and would point out possible synergies between companies, suppliers and customers, allowing gains obtained at the sector and national levels to be optimised. It would also enable adequate choices in technology development and transfer in the country as well as the preparation of coherent investment plans to be presented to potentially interested companies and financial institutions (Fig. 1). 

With the worldwide emergence of financial markets and competition becoming more and more intense, companies around the globe are continuously urged to become more efficient. This striving for increased efficiency and reduced production costs has several implications. Extensive transportation activities, low prices and high consumption rates, mass layoffs or critical working conditions in various industry sectors can be considered problematic effects, while on the other hand public welfare seems to increase continuously. 

Due to these companies inherently private nature, there is still a lack of empirical data linking outperformance by leading buyout firms to specific value generation levers. However, it is still possible to describe the levers applied by buyout firms operating in the chemical sector. This is particularly useful for chemical company executives as it helps to demystify some of the myths that surround the operations of their new financial competitors. 

While, in the short run, the number of companies in the sector is fixed, in the long run firms can enter or exit. The model shows the financial impact of the EU ETS as though it were distributed... 

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