Sector forward

In a sector instrument, which acts as a combined mass/velocity filter, this difference in forward velocity is used to effect a separation of normal and metastable mj" ions (see Chapter 24, Ion Optics of Magnetic/Electric-Sector Mass Spectrometers ). However, as discussed above, the velocity difference is of no consequence to the quadmpole instrument, which acts only as a mass filter, so the normal and metastable mj ions formed in the first field-free region (Figure 33.1) are not differentiated. 

Figure 3.6 Schematics of three configurations of mass spectrometer capable of accurate mass measurement (a) forward-geometry (b) reverse-geometry (c) tri-sector. From applications literature published by Micromass UK Ltd, Manchester, UK, and reproduced with permission.

When the first quadrupole of a triple quadrupole is replaced by a double-focusing mass spectrometer, the instrument is termed a hybrid (i.e. a hybrid of magnetic sector and quadrupole technologies). Figure 3.9 shows the MSi unit as a forward-geometry instrument although there is no reason why this could not be of reversed- or even tri-sector geometry. 

There is considerable debate within the organic sector as to the rightness of selling to supermarkets. Most organic farmers would like their products to be sold in their local towns and not transported backwards and forwards across the country. They are also apprehensive about the power and ruthlessness of the supermarket buyers, who are not seen as being user-friendly. That said, the major multiples... 

We are also, both at state and Federal levels, dismantling the legal and regulatory structures that have maintained the monopoly power of yesterday s electricity sector. Twenty four states have already implemented some form of deregulation Industry and the states are taking the lead and moving forward, as they should. But federal legislation is still critical. 

The monitoring system was a stimulated passive surveillance system. In other words, when vaccines purchased with federal funds were administered in the public sector, Important Information forms were given to recipients or their parents or guardians instructing them to report any illnesses requiring medical attention that occurred within four weeks of vaccination. System coordinators at each immunization project or grantee site and the state health department completed standardized forms that were reviewed for consistency and completeness and then forwarded to the CDC for data entry and analysis. 

While the proactive efforts of some of industry demonstrate that substitution is indeed feasible, voluntary action will not solve the global problem of chemical contamination. Such action needs to be universal and across all industry sectors and size of firms. Industry needs clear criteria in which to operate and innovate. In particular, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) need clear criteria to chart their way forward in a competitive economy. 

May 2003 Fuel Cells UK - a new body to drive forward the development of fuel cell technology was launched - Fuel Cells UK is to help the emerging UK sector by helping promote and raise the profile of the fuel cell industry in the UK. It will also act as a central contact point of contact for national and international companies and the research community. 

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