Metallurgical sector

Although eighty percent of molybdenum production is used in the metallurgical industries, the fastest-growing sector of use is in chemicals, which has more than doubled in the past thirty years. The most widely-used compound is probably molybdenum disulphide. Apart from its use in lubrication, it is used as an additive to thermoplastics, where it improves the mechanical and thermal properties. It also has a number of potential applications in high density electric batteries, although the extent of commercial use is not clear. 

In the manifold types of production processes in industry, waters of very different properties are required, depending on the type of plants and on the technological processes. For example, the foodstuff industry requires hy-gienically safe water, production of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals requires distilled water, for other industries (metallurgical, engineering, etc.) simply treated or even untreated surface water is sufficient. Unsuitable quality of industrial water can cause a deterioration in the quality of products, reduced production capacity and equipment corrosion. Except for some specific requirements for the quality of water for the different industrial sectors, some requirements are common to the majority of operations [1-8] ... 

On the Banco de Credito Industrial, see Gabriel Tortella and Juan Carlos Jimenez, Historia del Banco de Credito Industrial (Madrid Alianza, 1986), pp. 49 ff. Between 1921 and 1931, the chemical industry was third, behind the metal and metallurgical industries and hydroelectricity. On private industrial banking, see Roldan et al., op. cit. (3), pp. 250-251. Around 35 per cent of the chemical sector was controlled by the... 

Table 2 indicates the distribution of use of the fossil raw material in large sectors thermal, electrical and mechanical energy production, chemical and parachemical industries, metallurgical industries. 

Owing to peculiar physical and chemical properties, rare-earth elements are used in various materials and consumer products, and thus, have become indispensable for our modem life. The world-wide rare-earth oxide consumption by the market sector in 2008 (Goonan, 2011) shown in Fig. 1 indicates that rare earths are used in glass industry, catalysts, neodymium magnets, battery alloys and other metallurgical additives, phosphors, ceramics, and other. According to the world mine production of rare earth in 2009 (Cordier, 2011),... 

Previously, coal was used extensively as a fuel for energy production and as a raw material in the chemical, gas, and metallurgical industries. Today, however, its principal uses are in the utility, industrial, and residential/commercial sectors. In countries with planned economies, 70%-90% of the total quantity of coal consumed is burnt in the utility sector (Chadwick et al., 1987). 

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