Research-based sectors

Once basic dual-segment, high-level, research-based deliverables have been deduced and evaluated, relationships determined, models built, and pilots tested, incorporating approaches similarto those of the pharmacy industry, then a financial services sector—real estate service value netwoik gateway (or alliance portal) is deliverable. This relationship is outlined in Figure 8. Information aspects tracked and/or developed specifically for the corporate real estate one-stop-shop model or for the retail real estate supermaiket model. 

The amino acid industry is growing as a high volume low value product-based sector and new product innovations in the end use market will revamp the market trend. Research developments have led to the use of amino acids in high value produas like cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. It also helps to find new end use markets as in energy drinks, infusion solutions etc. Research and development has contributed enormously to the entire industry by developing new bioprocesses, techniques and finding new and high value end use applications. Feed additives are the major end-use market of the amino acid industry with lysine in the lead followed by methionine, tryptophan, and threonine whereas MSG dominates. 

From this brief survey it is evident that the decision which a company makes about entering the business areas will be dependent upon many financial, legal and commercial considerations. It is equally evident that entry to the research-based pharmaceutical business can only be undertaken by a large company with vast resources which is prepared to take risks, wait a long time for profits and market its products in many countries. Since it is this sector of the pharmaceutical industry which generates new products and which is involved... 

Synthesis. Exploratory research has produced a wide variety of odorants based on natural stmctures, chemicals analogous to naturals, and synthetic materials derived from available raw materials and economical processing. As in most areas of the chemical industry, the search for new and useful substances is made difficult by the many materials that have been patented and successfully commercialized (4). In the search for new aroma chemicals, many new materials are prepared for screening each year. Chemists who perform this work are involved in a creative exercise that takes its direction from the commercial sector in terms of desirable odor types and specific performance needs. Because of economic limitations, considerations of raw material costs and available processing methods may play a role eady in the exploratory work. 

In order to accomplish with the aforementioned aim, during the first year of project, an extensive research on the different chemical additives used in six industrial sectors was conducted plastics, textiles, electronics, lubricants, leather, and paper. A list of selected chemical additives was identified for each sector and used as a study basis for the rest of the project. This is the case of the decabromo-diphenyl ether (BDE) used in electronics as a flame retardant or the triclosan used in the textile as a biocide. The results of this investigation were presented in the first volume of this book (Global Risk-Based Management of Chemical Additives I Production, Usage and Environmental Occurrence). This volume also included a section of case studies related to the selected additives in different countries (i.e., Denmark, Vietnam, Brazil, India). The main outcomes of the first part of the project are summarized below ... 

Quill was founded in April 1999 as an industrial consortium, with members from all sectors of the chemical industry. It is based on the well-proven industry/uni-versity cooperative research center (lUCRC) concept developed by the U.S. National Science Foundation and is only the second lUCRC in Europe. There were 17 founding industrial members of the Quill consortium, and the current membership includes (listed alphabetically) bp. Chevron, Cytec, DuPont, Eastman Chemicals, ICI, Invista, Merck, Novartis, Procter and Gamble, SACHEM, SASOL, Shell, Strata, and UOP. Research carried out between QUB and individual companies, or by QUILL itself, has generated more than 20 patent applications, many of which have now been published, from as diverse a range of industries as BNFL, BP Chemicals, Cytec, ICI, Quest International, and Uni-chema Chemie BV. In a recent report in Nature, the need for collaboration between government, industry, and academic institutions to form sustainable chemistry centers was stressed as vital in order to rethink traditional chemistry processes to be not only beneficial to the environment but also to make economic sense for industry. Quill, under the codirection of Professors Kenneth R. Seddon and Jim Swindall OBE, is one of these chemistry centers, and is the first (and... 

As discussed above, the most commonly known and studied PEMs are based on nonaromatic perfluori-nated hydrocarbons such as Nation, Aciplex, Flemion, and what are termed the Dow membranes. However, their chemical synthesis is challenging due to the safety concerns of tetrafluoroethylene and the cost/ availability of the perfluoroether comonomers. These issues have relegated detailed synthetic research on polyperfluorosulfonic acid materials to the industrial sector or to a few specialized academic labs. 

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