Inspection, methods

New Inspection Method of Steam Drums in Paper Mills. 

Once the feasibility of using real time X-ray as an inspection method was established, it was decided to proceed with the design of a system equally suited for control of incoming frozen fish blocks and for developing inspection procedures. These inspection procedures are, when completed, to be the basis of the inspection standards for the complete concern. 

Surface Crack Detection Using Magnetic Particle Techniques and Penetrant Inspection Method. 

Insofar as Ultrasonic Array probes have come onto the market from several years and are now moving from prototype stages into industrial tools for on-site inspections, methods and tools for acoustic characterization is becoming a real concern. Furthermore, the lack of standards, either national or European, enhances the needs for guidelines proposal. 

In wide sectors of industry there is a growing need of inspection methods which go without liquid coupling media. The excitation of bulk and surface waves by means of air-coupled ultrasonic probes is therefore an attractive tool for NDE. This is tme e.g. for the rapid scanning of large composite structures in the aerospace industry [1]. In other cases, the use of liquid couplants is prohibitive like the thickness measurement of powder layers. 

The inspection method has been developed 10 years ago at Laborelec, and since then applied in Belgian power plants and abroad. 

Our inspection method is based on an encircling Eddy current coil measuring the structural integrity of the rod, and 8 pancake coils positioned on a typical place over the rods diameter. One inspection block consists of 4 to 6 probe assemblies. 

This RCCA inspection methods has now already proven it s reliability as an industrial solution on two Belgian power plants (Doel 3 and Tihange 1). Thanks to the graphical programming language, each site feedback is immediately injected. This way of working ensures a permanent improvement of the analysis system, and a reduction in manpower for the analysis. 

A particularly insidious failure mechanism that is commonly found in carbon-steel tubing is under-deposit corrosion. In many cases, corrosion products fomi a scab that can mask the presence of the pitting, making it difficult to quantitatively assess using conventional NDT methods. However, by combining proper cleaning procedures with laser-based inspection methods, the internal surface of the tubing can be accurately characterized and the presence of under-deposit corrosion can be confirmed and quantified. 

The laser-based gun tube inspection systems are intended to augment and, perhaps eventually, replace the labor-intensive, time consuming and subjective visual inspection methods that are currently employed by these facilities. 

American Iron and Steel Institute 1123 15th Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20005 Standards for steel compositions, steel products, manufacturing tolerances, inspection methods, etc. 

It is impossible to resolve these problems without the use of the contemporai y analytical inspection methods. 

Material and welding quality inspections, based on industry standards, are desirable. Again, API gives some guidance. Beyond this, the inspection method and acceptance criteria must be clearly stated. In preparing his bid, the vendor must understand exactly what is desired. 

Sydberger,T., Evaluation of Inspection Methods for Offshore Pipeline Cathodic Protection Systems , Materials Performance, 22 No. 5, 56 (1983)... 

Visual Inspection and Mensuration This is regarded by Abramchuk as so fundamental that it should be a logical prelude to most other inspection methods. A properly executed visual inspection can ... 

Abramchuk, J., Basic Inspection Methods , Materials Protection, 1 No. 3, 60, March (1%2)... 

Inspection and tolerance Inspection variations are often the most critical and most overlooked aspect of the tolerance of a fabricated product. Designers and processors base their development decisions on inspection readings, but they rarely determine the tolerances associated with these readings. The inspection variations may themselves be greater than the tolerances for the characteristics being measured, but without having a study of the inspection method capability this can go unnoticed. 

Inspection tolerance can be divided into two major components the accuracy variability of the instruction and the repeatability of the measuring method. The calibration and accuracy of the instrument are documented and certified by its manufacturer, and it is periodically checked. Understanding the overall inspection process is extremely useful in selecting the proper method for measuring a specific dimension. When all the inspection methods available provide an acceptable level of accuracy, the most economical method should be used. 

As the overall fabricating tolerance is analyzed into the sources of its variation components, the potential advantage of analytical programs comes into play with their ability to efficiently process all these factors. All the empirical tolerance ranges for each tooling method and inspection method are stored in data files for easy retrieval. For each critical dimension the program sums all the com-... 

The introduction of tight personal security procedures and visual or X-ray inspection of carry-on luggage at all domestic and international airports in 1972, resulted in almost complete elimination of skyjacking incidents in the USA. This situation has most likely interrupted or delayed the further development of automatic non-destructive inspection methods for expls in baggage at airline terminals... 

D-1 —Summary of Inspection Methods for High Temperature Hydrogen Attack. 27... 

The selection of optimum inspection methods and frequencies for high temperature hydrogen attack in specific equipment or applications is the responsibility of the user. The information below and in Tables D-1 and D-2 are intended to assist the user in making such decisions. 

Tables D-l and D-2 provide a summary of available methods of inspection for HTHA damage, including a discussion of the advantages and limitations of each. Two or more inspection methods are often used in combination to overcome the limitations of any single method.3 ...

Practice for Liquid Penetrant Inspection Method Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components — Magnetic Particle Examination Method... 

You could balance the chemical equation for the reaction of magnesium with aluminum nitrate by inspection, instead of writing half-reactions. However, many redox equations are difficult to balance by the inspection method. In general, you can balance the net ionic equation for a redox reaction by a process known as the half-reaction method. The preceding example of the reaction of magnesium with aluminum nitrate illustrates this method. Specific steps for following the half-reaction method are given below. 

Suction and discharge nozzle welds shall be inspected in accordance with 2.11.3.4.2. The purchaser will specify when the following additional inspection methods are required ... 

Note Regardless of the generalized limits in 4.2.2, it shall be the vendor s responsibility to review the design limits of the equipment in the event that more stringent requirements are necessary. Defects that exceed the limits imposed in 4.2.2 shall be removed to meet the quality standards cited as defined by the inspection method specified. 

S. Helf et al, "Development of an Inspection Method Using a Radioactive Tracer for Detecting the Firing Pin Support in PD Fuze M48A3 , PATR 2030 (June 1954)... 

After finishing these evaluations, the inspection efficiency of the machine should be compared with the visual inspection method. 

Ranky, P. G. (2004), Novel automated inspection methods, tools and technologies, Assembly Automation Int. J., 23(3), 252-257. 

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