Chemical Sector Survey

In-depth research into the results of the VCI surveys tells us that the call for tighter controls is an unconscious precautionary reflex resulting from the generally high level of skepticism towards the chemical sector. There are ways to soften the blow, however for example, the reaction is lessened if the consequences of increased regulation are made clear. In addition, the underlying awareness of the sector s value and the progress that has been made on responsible behavior can be awakened. 

PwC 2002 Sustainability Survey. PwC conducted a sustainability survey in 2002, obtaining responses from 104 companies in many industry sectors. Fourteen of the respondents were from the chemical sector. Although the questions were not identical, responses from the chemical sector indicate similar attitudes towards sustainability. 

The 1999 KPMG Survey included a league table of verifiers (Table 3.18). The top four positions were occupied by KPMG (24%), PricewaterhouseCoopers (12%), Aspinwall (11%) and Deloitte Touche (11%). This same report showed an overall CER verification level of 17%, with the oil and gas sector leading the field with a level of 32%. The chemicals sector was in third place with a level of 18%. 

The issue of lack of comparability has come up in most of the CER surveys to date. Even in the chemicals sector where environmental reporting is most advanced, comparability is judged to be low, even allowing for the fact that some companies are actively trying to look different. In fact, in the opinion of the authors it really emerges as the major issue to be tackled if environmental reporting is to become established as... 

China (1986) Preliminary cost of corrosion was conducted in 1980 although no nationwide corrosion losses have been reported (13). A total of 148 enterprises in the chemical sector were surveyed. The comprehensive results of 10 enterprises showed an average corrosion of 4% of the annual income. The results of another survey of an iron and steel complex indicated corrosion costs of 1.6% of their annual income. 

In the brief survey of project engineering capability and its role in the chemical sector, we haye also cited examples of chemical plants and apparatus being designed and fabricated by project engineering firms. In fact the chemical plant fabrication in India started with... 

Atherton, ).H., Double, J.M., and Gourlay, B. (2005) Survey of PI requirements in the fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals sector. 7th World Congress Chemical Engineering, 2005, Glasgow. 

The 1991 National Research Council report Monitoring Human Tissues for Toxic Substances recommended that any new program to assay chemical concentrations in tissues of the U.S. population be based primarily on analysis of blood. The use of blood permits sampling of a wider sector of the population, better comparison of exposed populations with national averages, repeat sampling of persons who have high tissue concentrations, and opportunities to follow chemical clearance with time. The 1991 report also advised analysis of adipose tissue (especially for persistent pesticides) that would provide continuity with previous studies and confirmation that a survey based on blood also detects important tissue residues of persistent chemicals (NRC 1991). 

J. B. Tillery, Biological/Chemical Survey of Texoma and Capline Sector Salt Dome Brine Disposal Sites off Louisiana, 1978-1979. Volume VII. Determine Trace Metal Composition and Concentration in Major Components of the Ecosystem, Avail. NTIS Report (1980) (NOAA-TM-NMFS-SEFC-31, NOAA-81020207 order no. PB81-174989), Government Report Announcement, Index (U. S.), 81 (1981), 3275. 

Methanol is one of the most important chemicals. The major application is in the chemical industry, where it is used as a solvent or as an intermediate. It is increasingly used in the energy sector. A survey of the most important reactions is given in Fig. 2.18. 

As is the case in other sectors, a growing number of chemical companies are publishing sustainability reports. A recent benchmark survey of corporate sustainability reporting in Canada identified nine Canadian chemical companies that publish some form of sustainability report, out of a total of 100 identified companies that provide such information on their Canadian operations (Stratos, 2003). 

The preface to the T edition, also intended as a summary to guide the reader through the book, has in the majority retained its relevance for the present edition. The already extensive survey of our field of work is complemented by a number of new topics. Prof. W. Grosch provides the reader with a comprehensive survey of aroma analysis with a special emphasis on key odourants. Contributors from multinational food companies introduce a focus on final products in the section on applications. Additionally, the sector on non-natural flavors has been expanded to include the current state of the European chemical group classifications. 

The 1999 KPMG international survey identified a large variation in environmental reporting level across a range of industries. Chemicals led the field, with 59% of the top companies producing CERs, in contrast to a figure of 8% for the finance and insurance sectors. 

The 1999 KPMG Survey provides information on how the environmental reporting level varies in the top companies in each sector. Table 3.6 shows the huge variation existing between the sectors. Those with the highest frequency are chemicals (59%), forestry pulp and paper (55%) and utilities (55%). At the other end of the scale are trade retail (7%) and finance insurance (8%). 

The 1999 KPMG International Survey of 1100 companies reported that 18% of the CERs found were independently verified, compared with 15% in 1996. However, the 1999 survey was deemed to be more critical as it did not allow verification statements from EMS certification to be used in the marking of CER verification as they do not relate to the report as a whole. The three leading sectors for verified CERs were oil and gas (32%), utilities (25%) and chemicals and synthetics (18%). In country terms, the UK leads the way with 53% of CERs independently verified, followed by Finland with 33%. Countries outside Europe, particularly the USA and Japan, had very few of their CERs verified. 

Aqueous liquors which contain low levels (less than 1 g dm ) of dissolved metal routinely arise during the industrial production, processing and surface finishing of metals. In addition, many sectors of the chemical industry also utilise metal containing cleaners, catalysts, and process reagents. A survey of these industrial sectors [1] is summarised in table 1 which indicates the diversity of such metal ion liquors with respect to ... 

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