Glass ceramics sector

Sectors Electric Power Voluntary opt-in of industrial combustion sources Electric Power Large Industrial Combustion Sources Energy (including electric power, oil refineries, coke ovens) Metal ore, iron-and-steel production Minerals (including cement, lime, glass, ceramics) Pulp and paper... 

In addition, the present use of lithium in other sectors such as the production of glass, ceramics, and lubricants and in batteries for electronics also has to be taken into accoimt [38]. In 2010, the production of lithium for these sectors amoimted to 28,0001 [24]. (In 2010 there was no noteworthy production of lithium traction batteries.) From 1990 until 2010, we observed a yearly average increase in production and demand of approximately 10% [24]. Therefore, a 3% growth per year can be considered as a rather conservative assumption. 

Fig. 5.12. DIP of a JEOL JMS-700 sector instrament for use with El, chemical ionization (Cl) and field ionization (FI). The copper probe tip holds the glass sample vial and is fitted to a temperature-controlled heater (left). The heater, a thermocouple, and circulation water cooling are provided inside. The (white) ceramics insulator protects the operator from the high voltage of the ion source.

An experiment with a dilute ceramic suspension was made as follows A very small quantity of silicon carbide particles (d 6 /xm) was dissolved in silicon oil ( 350mPas). The suspension was pumped at high pressure through a glass capillary (d = 0.6 mm). The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 3. The velocities of the silicon carbide particles in the capillary are detected by an optical sensor. From these data, the statistics of the particles velocities is calculated. Due to the optical properties of the sensor, the particles are only detected in a wedge-like sector of the cross-section of the capillary. The measured velocity distribution of the particles (Fig. 4) depends on the shape of this sector and, additionally, on the measuring tolerances of the sensor. 

Applications The most important utilization sector for barium carbonate is the manufacture of clay tiles and ceramic products, the addition of barium carbonate hindering the bleeding of salts (sodium and calcium sulfate). In the USA 30% of the consumption is devoted to this use. A further 30% is consumed in the glass industry (e.g. for the manufacture of optically special glasses and television screens). About 20%i is used in the manufacture of other barium compounds. Other uses are in special... 

The EU program incorporates a broader variety of industrial sectors than previous trading programs. For example, the program includes cement, lime, ceramics, and glass facilities, sources in the pulp and paper sector, and... 

Owing to peculiar physical and chemical properties, rare-earth elements are used in various materials and consumer products, and thus, have become indispensable for our modem life. The world-wide rare-earth oxide consumption by the market sector in 2008 (Goonan, 2011) shown in Fig. 1 indicates that rare earths are used in glass industry, catalysts, neodymium magnets, battery alloys and other metallurgical additives, phosphors, ceramics, and other. According to the world mine production of rare earth in 2009 (Cordier, 2011),... 

The diversification of sectors and activities is manifest in those projects which have been approved, with emphasis on textiles and clothing, ceramics and glass, foodstuffs, agriltme and fishing. 

In general, the one-part dispersions are used for bonding high-duty, industrial flooring. The others are used to bond structural materials (metals, wood, plastics, ceramics and glass) in various industry sectors (engineering, automotive, construction, etc.). 

The high heat resistance (up to 220 °C), good mechanical properties and high fiacture resistance, resistance to superheated steam and exceptional resistance to chemicals are reasons for using PSU/PES in the food and households sectors as a replacement for glass, metal, ceramics or porcelain. Typical applications include coffeemakers, microwave dishes and food processors. 

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