Electricity sectors, energy evaluations

Energy consumption in the residential portion of this section is reported in Table A-2 according to end use for purchased electrical energy and direct use of all fuels. The data of Table A-2 and the individual rijj values of Table 1 result in overall njj values of the residential portion of this sector for electrical use of 21.9 percent and for direct fuel use of 12.5 percent. Because of a lack of data, the rijj of the commercial use is assumed to be the same as the residential portion. Consequently, the njj of the residential and commercial sector is evaluated by combining the above njT values with the relative use of electrical and direct-fuel, in this sector, as given on Figure 2 resulting in an overall value of 13.7 percent. 

More than half of the world primary energy consumption is used as hot water, steam and space heat. Unlike fossil energy carriers, nuclear power is almost exclusively used for commercial electricity production. Clearly nuclear heat production could play a major and important role in the non-electric sector. Nuclear growth depends on the future public perception of the comparative benefits, cost, and risks of alternatives. Based on the comparative evaluation of tangible risks to public health, safety, and environment, nuclear power appears to be a better choice than fossil fuels. 

The raw energy to the utility sector is reported in reference (A-l) as shown in Table A-l. The average heat rates reported yield first law efficiencies of 31 percent and 31.6 percent for nuclear and fossil-fueled plants respectively. The efficiency of hydrogeneration is estimated as 80 percent for the water turbine and 99 percent for the electric generator for an overall value of 79 percent. Hydropower and nuclear energy (The evaluation of the availability of nuclear fuels has not been completely resolved at this time this author feels that nuclear energy is substantially available and for purposes here will assume it to be entirely available.) are both entirely available so the second law efficiency is the same as the efficiency for these type plants. Adjustment of the efficiency of fossil-fueled plants by the availability-energy ratios of the fuels yields an njj of 31.6 percent. 

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