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Reaction polymerase

Polymerase chain reaction. Polymerase chain reactions, which apply the DNA polymerase replicating system to synthesize DNA, offers a convenient method of amplifying the amount of a DNA segment (Innis et al, 1999 MulUs et al, 1994 Newton and Graham, 1997). [Pg.496]

This system provided the first opportunity to test whether the VSV wt leader is the viral product responsible for the inhibition of the initiation of DNA-dependent RNA synthesis. Later studies (McGowan and Wagner, unpublished data) indicate that, when DNA templates transcribed by RNA polymerase II and III in vitro are used simultaneously in the same reaction, polymerase II activity is inhibited more easily than RNA polymerase III transcripts, confirming previous in vivo data obtained by Week and Wagner (1978, 1979 ). [Pg.269]

CR Polymerase Chain Reaction. Widely used method for amplifying a DNA base sequence... [Pg.570]

Polyethylene (Section 6 21) A polymer of ethylene Polymer (Section 6 21) Large molecule formed by the repeti tive combination of many smaller molecules (monomers) Polymerase chain reaction (Section 28 16) A laboratory method for making multiple copies of DNA Polymerization (Section 6 21) Process by which a polymer is prepared The principal processes include free radical cationic coordination and condensation polymerization Polypeptide (Section 27 1) A polymer made up of many (more than eight to ten) amino acid residues Polypropylene (Section 6 21) A polymer of propene Polysaccharide (Sections 25 1 and 25 15) A carbohydrate that yields many monosacchande units on hydrolysis Potential energy (Section 2 18) The energy a system has ex elusive of Its kinetic energy... [Pg.1291]

The plaque assay is desirable because it is very sensitive and only detects infectious viral particles. However, there are viral agents which cannot be supported by cell lines. In these cases other methods must be used. The polymerase chain reaction (PGR), which amplifies DNA or RNA from viral agents, can be used to detect the presence and quantity of viral agents. The amount of RNA or DNA target in the initial sample can be determined by competitive PGR where the quantity of amplified product is compared to a control PGR product where the initial amount of target is known. Quantification is also possible by an end-point dilution method similar to that used to determine a tissue culture infections dose. PGR methods can be very sensitive however. [Pg.143]

DNA polymerases normally use 3 -deoxynucleotide triphosphates as substrates for polymerization. Given an adequate concentration of substrate, DNA polymerase synthesizes a long strand of new DNA complementary to the substrate. The use of this reaction for sequencing DNA depends on the inclusion of a single 2/3 -dideoxynucleoside triphosphate (ddNTP) in each of four polymerization reactions. The dideoxynucleotides ate incorporated normally in the chain in response to a complementary residue in the template. Because no 3 -OH is available for further extension, polymerization is... [Pg.233]

Fig. 6. DNA sequence analysis, (a) Simplified methodology for dideoxy sequencing. A primer, 5 -TCTA, hybridized to the template, is used to initiate synthesis by DNA polymerase, (b) Stmcture of 2, 3 -dideoxy CTP. When no 3 -OH functionaUty is available to support addition of another nucleotide to the growing chain, synthesis terminates once this residue is incorporated into the synthetic reaction, (c) Representation of a DNA sequencing gel and the sequence, read from bottom to the top of the gel, gives sequence information in the conventional 5 to 3 direction. Fig. 6. DNA sequence analysis, (a) Simplified methodology for dideoxy sequencing. A primer, 5 -TCTA, hybridized to the template, is used to initiate synthesis by DNA polymerase, (b) Stmcture of 2, 3 -dideoxy CTP. When no 3 -OH functionaUty is available to support addition of another nucleotide to the growing chain, synthesis terminates once this residue is incorporated into the synthetic reaction, (c) Representation of a DNA sequencing gel and the sequence, read from bottom to the top of the gel, gives sequence information in the conventional 5 to 3 direction.
PGR amplification of a DNA sequence is faciHtated by the use of a heat-stable DNA polymerase, Taq polymerase (TM), derived from the thermostable bacterium Thermus aquaticus. The thermostable polymerase allows the repeated steps of strand separation, primer annealing, and DNA synthesis to be carried out ia a single reactioa mixture where the temperature is cycled automatically. Each cycle coasists of a high temperature step to deaature the template strands, a lower temperature annealing of the primer and template, and a higher temperature synthesis step. AH components of the reaction are present ia the same tube. [Pg.235]

Mutagenic PGR. More recently, methods have been developed to use the PGR reaction to randomly mutagenize a defined sequence (25). The Taq polymerase used in PGR misincorporates nucleotides in a random fashion if manganese dichloride [7773-01 -5] MnGl2, is included in the reaction buffer during PGR. The Hbrary of mutagenized PGR products can be screened for the desired phenotype. [Pg.237]

Rifamycin S also undergoes conjugate addition reactions to the quinone ring by a variety of nucleophiles including ammonia, primary and secondary amines, mercaptans, carbanions, and enamines giving the C-3 substituted derivatives (38) of rifamycin SV (117,120,121). Many of the derivatives show excellent antibacterial properties (109,118,122,123). The 3-cycHc amino derivatives of rifamycin SV also inhibit the polymerase of RNA tumor vimses (123,124). [Pg.498]

Fig. 6. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mediated site-directed mutagenesis. The 5 and 3 ends of the nucleotide strands are indicated. The four arrows surrounding the DNA template represent oligonucleotide primers 1—4. See text for discussion. Fig. 6. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mediated site-directed mutagenesis. The 5 and 3 ends of the nucleotide strands are indicated. The four arrows surrounding the DNA template represent oligonucleotide primers 1—4. See text for discussion.
The use of agarose as an electrophoretic method is widespread (32—35). An example of its use is in the evaluation and typing of DNA both in forensics (see Forensic chemistry) and to study heritable diseases (36). Agarose electrophoresis is combined with other analytical tools such as Southern blotting, polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence. The advantages of agarose electrophoresis are that it requires no additives or cross-linkers for polymerization, it is not hazardous, low concentration gels are relatively sturdy, it is inexpensive, and it can be combined with many other analytical methods. [Pg.182]


See other pages where Reaction polymerase is mentioned: [Pg.226]    [Pg.227]    [Pg.1164]    [Pg.1175]    [Pg.1183]    [Pg.1183]    [Pg.1183]    [Pg.1184]    [Pg.1185]    [Pg.1189]    [Pg.787]    [Pg.487]    [Pg.235]    [Pg.237]    [Pg.241]    [Pg.244]    [Pg.245]    [Pg.247]    [Pg.247]    [Pg.257]    [Pg.198]    [Pg.199]    [Pg.57]    [Pg.359]    [Pg.141]    [Pg.619]    [Pg.1164]    [Pg.1175]    [Pg.1183]    [Pg.1183]    [Pg.1183]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.339 ]




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Affinity techniques polymerase chain reaction

Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction

Amplification techniques polymerase chain reaction-target

Asymmetric polymerase chain reaction

Autoradiography polymerase chain reaction

Bacterial disease, polymerase chain reaction

Biotechnology techniques polymerase chain reaction

Capillary electrophoresis polymerase chain reaction product analysis

Cerebrospinal fluid, polymerase chain reaction

Chromosomes polymerase chain reaction amplification

Colony polymerase chain reaction

Competitive polymerase chain reaction

Contamination polymerase chain reaction

Copying DNA the polymerase chain reaction

DNA Amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

DNA Profiling and the Polymerase Chain Reaction

DNA and RNA sequences by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

DNA polymerase reaction

DNA, polymerase chain reaction

Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase chain reaction

Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase chain reaction and

Detection of T-DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

Double-stranded, sequencing polymerase chain reaction product

Electrophoresis polymerase chain reaction

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assays, polymerase chain reaction

Error-prone polymerase chain reaction

Error-prone polymerase chain reaction epPCR)

Forensics, polymerase chain reaction

Fundamentals of the Polymerase Chain Reaction and

Gene cloning polymerase chain reaction used

Gene expression polymerase chain reaction

Gene synthesis, polymerase chain reaction

Genetically modified organisms polymerase chain reaction

Genotyping polymerase chain reaction amplification

Heat-Assisted Polymerase Chain Reaction

Immuno polymerase chain reaction assays

Immuno-polymerase chain reaction

Injection polymerase chain reaction

Labeling, of DNA arrays polymerase chain reaction

Molecular probes polymerase chain reaction

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction

Mutagenesis error-prone polymerase chain reaction

Mutagenesis polymerase chain reaction

Negative polymerase chain reaction controls

Nested polymerase chain reaction

Nucleic Acid Amplification - The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Nucleic acids polymerase chain reaction

Nucleotide sequencing polymerase chain reaction

PCR = polymerase chain reaction

Polymerase Chain Reaction and Error-Prone PCR

Polymerase Chain Reaction as an Amplification Method in Aptamer-Based Assays

Polymerase chain reaction

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR amplification

Polymerase chain reaction , catalytic

Polymerase chain reaction , insect

Polymerase chain reaction , random

Polymerase chain reaction , random mutagenesis method

Polymerase chain reaction , usage

Polymerase chain reaction -generated

Polymerase chain reaction 5 -nuclease method

Polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification

Polymerase chain reaction Insertion/deletion

Polymerase chain reaction Maxam-Gilbert sequencing

Polymerase chain reaction PCR primers

Polymerase chain reaction additives

Polymerase chain reaction advantages

Polymerase chain reaction amplification

Polymerase chain reaction amplification efficiency

Polymerase chain reaction amplification factor

Polymerase chain reaction amplification reactions

Polymerase chain reaction amplified DNA

Polymerase chain reaction analysis

Polymerase chain reaction analysis variation

Polymerase chain reaction annealing temperature

Polymerase chain reaction applications

Polymerase chain reaction applications, generally

Polymerase chain reaction assay

Polymerase chain reaction automated

Polymerase chain reaction automation

Polymerase chain reaction bacterial

Polymerase chain reaction based methods

Polymerase chain reaction buffer systems

Polymerase chain reaction buffers

Polymerase chain reaction capillary

Polymerase chain reaction chromatography

Polymerase chain reaction clinical applications

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Polymerase chain reaction concentration, measurement

Polymerase chain reaction conditions

Polymerase chain reaction control

Polymerase chain reaction costs

Polymerase chain reaction cycle

Polymerase chain reaction cycling

Polymerase chain reaction data analysis

Polymerase chain reaction definition

Polymerase chain reaction degenerate

Polymerase chain reaction denaturation

Polymerase chain reaction denaturing high-performance liquid

Polymerase chain reaction description

Polymerase chain reaction detection

Polymerase chain reaction detection limits

Polymerase chain reaction diagnostic applications

Polymerase chain reaction diagram

Polymerase chain reaction discovery

Polymerase chain reaction efficiency

Polymerase chain reaction exponential amplification

Polymerase chain reaction extraction

Polymerase chain reaction fidelity

Polymerase chain reaction figure

Polymerase chain reaction flanking sequences

Polymerase chain reaction forensic analysis

Polymerase chain reaction fragments from

Polymerase chain reaction fragments, detection

Polymerase chain reaction fungal

Polymerase chain reaction generating

Polymerase chain reaction genomic, variants

Polymerase chain reaction hybridization after

Polymerase chain reaction hybridization with labeled probe

Polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridization

Polymerase chain reaction infections

Polymerase chain reaction inhibitors

Polymerase chain reaction intercalators

Polymerase chain reaction interpretation

Polymerase chain reaction laboratory organization

Polymerase chain reaction materials

Polymerase chain reaction methods

Polymerase chain reaction micro chip-based

Polymerase chain reaction microarray analysis

Polymerase chain reaction microchip

Polymerase chain reaction nucleic acid amplification

Polymerase chain reaction nucleic acid analysis

Polymerase chain reaction nucleic acid separation

Polymerase chain reaction original

Polymerase chain reaction overview

Polymerase chain reaction parasitic

Polymerase chain reaction performance, controls

Polymerase chain reaction plasmid template

Polymerase chain reaction polymorphisms

Polymerase chain reaction primer addition

Polymerase chain reaction primer annealing

Polymerase chain reaction primer design

Polymerase chain reaction primer extension

Polymerase chain reaction primer selection

Polymerase chain reaction primer sequences

Polymerase chain reaction primer synthesis

Polymerase chain reaction primers

Polymerase chain reaction principles

Polymerase chain reaction probe labeling

Polymerase chain reaction probe sequences

Polymerase chain reaction process

Polymerase chain reaction product detection

Polymerase chain reaction product purification

Polymerase chain reaction product sequencing

Polymerase chain reaction products

Polymerase chain reaction proteins

Polymerase chain reaction protocol

Polymerase chain reaction pyrosequencing

Polymerase chain reaction quality assurance

Polymerase chain reaction quantification

Polymerase chain reaction quantitative analysis

Polymerase chain reaction reagents

Polymerase chain reaction rearrangements

Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism

Polymerase chain reaction reverse transcription technique

Polymerase chain reaction sample preparation

Polymerase chain reaction samples collection

Polymerase chain reaction schematic representation

Polymerase chain reaction screening

Polymerase chain reaction selection

Polymerase chain reaction sensitivity

Polymerase chain reaction signal

Polymerase chain reaction single nucleotide polymorphism

Polymerase chain reaction site directed mutagenesis

Polymerase chain reaction site-directed mutagenesis based

Polymerase chain reaction site-specific mutagenesis

Polymerase chain reaction species-specific

Polymerase chain reaction species-specific systems

Polymerase chain reaction specificity

Polymerase chain reaction split primers

Polymerase chain reaction steps

Polymerase chain reaction strategy

Polymerase chain reaction synthases

Polymerase chain reaction target genes

Polymerase chain reaction techniques

Polymerase chain reaction temperature control

Polymerase chain reaction template addition

Polymerase chain reaction test

Polymerase chain reaction thermal cycling

Polymerase chain reaction thermocyclers

Polymerase chain reaction thermostable polymerases

Polymerase chain reaction thermus aquaticus

Polymerase chain reaction types

Polymerase chain reaction variations

Polymerase chain reaction viral

Polymerase chain reaction, example

Polymerase chain reaction, microwave

Polymerase chain reaction, production

Polymerase chain reaction, production determination

Polymerase chain reaction-generated probe

Polymerase chain reaction-mass spectrometry

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction applications

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping

Polymerase chain reaction-synthetic

Polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization mass

Polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Positive polymerase chain reaction controls

Primers, for polymerase chain reaction

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction Q-PCR)

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction qPCR)

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

Random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction

Real-time polymerase chain reaction

Real-time polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR)

Real-time polymerase chain reaction methods

Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction

Recombinant polymerase chain reaction

Replicating DNA The Polymerase Chain Reaction

Reverse transcriptase isolation, polymerase chain reaction

Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR)

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR)

Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

Reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction

Ribonucleic acid polymerase chain reaction

Sequencing, polymerase chain reaction

Standard Polymerase Chain Reaction

Taq DNA polymerase reaction

Target amplification methods polymerase chain reaction

Target selection, polymerase chain reaction

The Polymerase Chain Reaction

The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

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