Multiple copy

Polyethylene (Section 6 21) A polymer of ethylene Polymer (Section 6 21) Large molecule formed by the repeti tive combination of many smaller molecules (monomers) Polymerase chain reaction (Section 28 16) A laboratory method for making multiple copies of DNA Polymerization (Section 6 21) Process by which a polymer is prepared The principal processes include free radical cationic coordination and condensation polymerization Polypeptide (Section 27 1) A polymer made up of many (more than eight to ten) amino acid residues Polypropylene (Section 6 21) A polymer of propene Polysaccharide (Sections 25 1 and 25 15) A carbohydrate that yields many monosacchande units on hydrolysis Potential energy (Section 2 18) The energy a system has ex elusive of Its kinetic energy... 

Fig. 2. Methods for production of identical catde. (a) Embryo spHtting. A microdissection knife is used to cut an early embryo into two identical halves, (b) Embryo cloning. A cell from a morula stage embryo is removed and then inserted into an oocyte that has had its nucleus removed. EoUowing fusion of the two cells the newly produced one-ceU embryo is identical to the original morula. The procedure can be repeated to give multiple copies of the original...

To overcome the limitations of the database search methods, conformational search methods were developed [95,96,109]. There are many such methods, exploiting different protein representations, objective function tenns, and optimization or enumeration algorithms. The search algorithms include the minimum perturbation method [97], molecular dynamics simulations [92,110,111], genetic algorithms [112], Monte Carlo and simulated annealing [113,114], multiple copy simultaneous search [115-117], self-consistent field optimization [118], and an enumeration based on the graph theory [119]. 

Q Zheng, R Rosenfeld, C DeLisi, DJ Kyle. Multiple copy sampling in protein loop modeling Computational efficiency and sensitivity to dihedral angle perturbations. Protein Sci 3 493-506, 1994. 

Duplicate submissions not identified. Facilities sometimes send multiple copies of the same Form R report to insure that EPA received a copy. Duplicate submissions must be identified by printing the word DUPLICATE" in red Ink on page one in the box marked "THIS SPACE FOR YOUR OPTIONAL USE". Failure to clearly identity a duplicate report may result in the duplicate appearance of the data in the database and the appearance of increased emissions from the facility. 

Polymerase chain reaction (Section 28.16) A laboratory method for making multiple copies of DNA. 

In contrast, RNA occurs in multiple copies and various forms (Table 11.2). Cells contain up to eight times as much RNA as DNA. RNA has a number of important biological functions, and on this basis, RNA molecules are categorized into several major types messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA. Eukaryotic cells contain an additional type, small nuclear RNA (snRNA). With these basic definitions in mind, let s now briefly consider the chemical and structural nature of DNA and the various RNAs. Chapter 12 elaborates on methods to determine the primary structure of nucleic acids by sequencing methods and discusses the secondary and tertiary structures of DNA and RNA. Part rV, Information Transfer, includes a detailed treatment of the dynamic role of nucleic acids in the molecular biology of the cell. 

It would be an essentially impossible task to construct any useful computational circuits without being able to route multiple copies of signal streams. The set of... 

Mitochondria are unique organelles in man and higher animals in that they contain their own genome. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in humans is a small (16.5 kb), circular genome that encodes only 13 proteins, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA), and 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules. mtDNA is inherited only from the mother and is present in multiple copies within one mitochondrion. 

OPs Myzus persicae Resistant clones (85-315) Enhanced B esterase Multiple copies of gene... 

Metabolic resistance may be the consequence of the appearance of a novel gene on the resistant strain, which is not present in the general population it may also be due to the presence of multiple copies of a gene in different strains or clones as in the example of OP resistance in the peach potato aphid mentioned earlier. 

Bacterial plasmids are small, circular, duplex DNA molecules whose natural function is to confer antibiotic resistance to the host cell. Plasmids have several properties that make them extremely useful as cloning vectors. They exist as single or multiple copies within the bacterium and replicate independently from the bacterial DNA. The complete DNA sequence of many plasmids is known hence, the precise location of restriction enzyme... 

Tandem Used to describe multiple copies of the same sequence (eg, DNA) that lie adjacent to one another. 

The ion channel receptors are multi-subunit proteins which may be either homomeric (made up of multiple copies of a single type of subunit) or heteromeric (composed of more than one subunit type). These subunits come together after synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum to form the mature receptor. Notice that stoichiometry is denoted by a subscript number. A receptor composed of two a and three /I subunits is therefore denoted as having a stoichiometry of This can cause confusion when related subunits are given sequential numbers /II, j]2, 3, etc. The convention is therefore that subunits are numbered normally while stoichiometry is indicated by subscripts so that a pentamer of a4 and j33 subunits might have a stoichiometry of a42/133. 

Some propeptides produce multiple copies of similar peptides (met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin act on the same delta opioid receptor). 

The CB sheet is coated on the back with microcapsules 5 to 10 pm in diameter, in which leuco dye solution in a nonvolatile solvent is contained. The CF sheet is coated on the front with an acidic coreactant such as reactive clay, zinc salt of salicylic acid derivatives, zinc-modified phenolic resin, etc. On the application of pressure, the microcapsule is ruptured in the area delineated by the pressure pattern, and the leuco dye solution is thereby transferred to the CB sheet to bring about a color-forming reaction with acidic coreactant resulting in a distinct image on the surface of the CF sheet. By inserting a middle sheet (or sheets) called the CFB sheet, which is coated on the front and back with acidic coreactant and microcapsules, respectively, multiple copies can be obtained. 

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