Polymerase chain reaction-synthetic

Examples of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Synthetic Tandem Repeat Probes... 

Synthetic oligonucleotides are very important tools in the study and manipulation of DNA, including such techniques as site-directed mutagenesis and DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. The techniques for chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides are highly developed. Very efficient automated methodologies based on solid phase synthesis are used extensively in fields that depend on the availability of defined DNA sequences.52... 

Fig. 8.2.2 Principle of genomic quantification by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Synthetic oligonuleotides are designed to bind to exon 1 (oligo 1a and 1b) and 2 (2a and 2b). After specific hybridisation, the oligos are ligated. The ligation products undergo quantitative polymerase chain reaction using universal primers X and Y...

In addition to natural ribozymes several synthetic ribozymes with new activity have been obtained by in-vitro selection techniques. Starting with a pool of random RNA sequences, molecules with a desired activity can be isolated by successive cycles of activity selection, reverse transcription into DNA, and amplification by polymerase chain reaction [4a,b]. 

Creation of Synthetic Tandem Repeats via Polymerase Chain Reaction... 

Bianchi N, Mischiati C, Feriotto G, Gambari R (1994) Detection of hepatitis C virus by unbalanced polymerase-chain reaction, hybridization to synthetic oligonucleotides and capillary electrophoresis. Int J Oncol 4 903-907. 

Ultimate progress in the control of the primary structure of synthetic macromolecules might be expected if it were possible to develop a template type synthesis, in analogy to the polymerase chain reaction [27]. In spite of many efforts, no successful concept has yet been developed, which is no surprise regarding the complicated supramolecular interactions involved in the necessary steps, i.e. preorganization of the template, binding of the monomer, initiation and termination of the polymerization, and the release of the formed raacromolecule from the template [28,29]. 

The solid-phase synthesis of DNA oligomers has reached a high level of maturity and is extensively used for the synthesis of primers for polymerase chain reaction or the design of new genes (13). In contrast to the cellular process, the synthetic route forms the polymer in 3 -to-5 direction. The oligomerization is carried out on CPG using a base labile linker. Typically, the nucleobases are introduced as acyl-protected phosphoramidites,... 

When the amount of target nucleic acid is increased by synthetic in vitro methods, target amphfication is said to occur. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the best known and most widely applied of the target amplification methods. Because of the commercial availability of thermostable DNA polymerases, kits, and instrumentation, this method has been widely adopted in research and is also rou-tmely used in the clmical laboratory. 

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