Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR

NIDDM Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus PCR Polymerase chain reaction... 

Fig. 19.1 Differential displays comparing RNAs from saline (S)-, imipramine (I)- or fluoxetine (F)-treated rats. Total RNA was extracted from hypothalami of animals treated with the different drugs for two months. Autoradiograms of amplified -[35S]-dATP-labeled PCR (polymerase chain reaction) products after electrophoresis in 6% polyacrylamide gels are shown for two different primer combinations that identified one upregulated (arrowhead) and one downregulated (arrow) fragment in the groups treated with antidepressants (from [4] with permission).

Primeran oligonucleotide or pair of oligonucleotides used to direct an activity to a region of nucleic acid. With PCR (polymerase chain reaction), a pair of primers defines the area of the genome to be amplified. 

Techniques PCR (polymerase chain reaction) mass arrays (Sequenom.com)... 

List of Abbreviations PCR, polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid RNA, ribonucleic acid RNase, ribonuclease mRNA, messenger RNA GABAa, y-aminobutyric acid type A cRNA, copy RNA dNTPs, deoxy nucleoside triphosphates MMLV, Mouse Moloney murine leukemia vims RT, reverse transcriptase bp, base pair Tm, melting temperature DEPC, diethylpyrocarbonate OD, optical density mL, milliliter SA-PMPs, streptavidin paramagnetic particles dT, deoxy thymidine DTT, dithiothreitol DNase, deoxyribonuclease RNasin, ribonuclease inhibitor UV, ultraviolet TBE, Tris-borate, 1 mM EDTA EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid Buffer RET, guanidium thiocyanate lysis buffer PBS, phosphate buffered saline NT2, Ntera 2 neural progenitor cells... 

List of Abbreviations BCIP, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate, toluidine salt CCD, charged-coupled device CNS, central nervous system cDNA, copy or complimentary RNA cRNA, copy or complimentary RNA DNase, deoxyribonuclease FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate mRNA, messenger RNA NBT, nitro blue tetrazolium choride PCR, polymerase chain reaction RNase, ribonclease... 

List of Abbreviations cDNA, complementary DNA ddH20, double-distilled H2O dNTP, deoxyribonu-cleotide triphosphate EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid MgCl2, magnesium chloride mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid NaOH, sodium hydroxide PCR, polymerase chain reaction qRT PCR, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction RNase, ribonuclease RT PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction UTR, untranslated region... 

List of Abbreviations GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid type A 5HT3, 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 SDM, site-directed mutagenesis PCR, polymerase chain reaction TRCP, targeted random chimera production SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate... 

As the NNRTIs are structurally diverse and yet bind to RT at a common site, the similar occurrence of resistance-conferring mutations is not surprising. As a consequence, the effectiveness of other NNRTIs may be compromised by the emergence of HIV-1 variants caused by a previous NNRTI therapy (Sardana et ah, 1992). Experiments were performed in which HIV-1 strains (JR-CSF or ME) are cultured in human lymphocytes in the presence of partially inhibitory concentrations of delavirdine (Dueweke et al., 1993b). These conditions yield mutants that are 100-fold resistant. In order to determine what mutation(s) occurs, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification and DNA sequence analysis of the RT coding region were applied and indicated that mutation P236L had occurred. Mutations at amino acids 181 or 183, which have been associated with resistance to other NNRTIs, are not detected. 

List of abbreviations BOD, biological oxygen demand CA, chloroanisol CCA, copper-chromate-arsenate CP, chlorophenol 2,4-D, dichlorophenoxyacetic acid DCP, dichlorophenol CFSTR, continuous-flow stirred tank reactor FBBR, fluidized-bed biofilm reactor MCP, monochlorophenol NAPL, non-aqueous phase liquid PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PCPP, polychlorinated phenoxyphenol PCDF, polychlorinated dibenzofuran PCDD, polychlorinated dibenzodioxin PCR, polymerase chain reaction PCP, pentachlorophenol PCA, pentachloroanisole TeCP, tetrachlorophenol TeCA, tetrachloroanisole TCC, trichlorocatechol TCP, trichlorophenol TOC, total organic carbon 2,4,5-T, trichlorophenoxyacetic acid UASB, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor VSS, volatile suspended solids. 

---