Polymerase chain reaction fragments from

I been established to serve as a registry of convicted offenders. When a DNA sample is obtained from a crime scene, the sample is subjected to cleavage with restriction endonucleases to cut out fragments containing the STR loci, the fragments are amplified using the polymerase chain reaction, and the sequences of the fragments are determined. 

Fig. 19.1 Differential displays comparing RNAs from saline (S)-, imipramine (I)- or fluoxetine (F)-treated rats. Total RNA was extracted from hypothalami of animals treated with the different drugs for two months. Autoradiograms of amplified -[35S]-dATP-labeled PCR (polymerase chain reaction) products after electrophoresis in 6% polyacrylamide gels are shown for two different primer combinations that identified one upregulated (arrowhead) and one downregulated (arrow) fragment in the groups treated with antidepressants (from [4] with permission).

Provided a sample of DNA can be obtained, a restriction analysis can be carried ont. A match between the restriction fragments from a sample of DNA left at the scene of a crime and that of a snspect is a valnable tool in forensic science. The usefulness of this techniqne is increased enormously by combining it with the polymerase chain reaction, since the amount of DNA extracted from a very small amount of tissue can be increased enormonsly, providing enough for a restriction analysis. Tissne samples as small as a single cell, a hair, a drop of sahva, a piece of dandruff or a smear of semen are snfflcient to prodnce enough DNA. It has produced a revolution in forensic science. However, caution must be applied to interpretation of the results for... 

ACC 71 synthase, i. e. (S)-adenosylmethionine methylthioadenosine lyase (EC 4.4.1.14), has been purified from several plant tissues [116]. Recently, ACC synthase cDNA clones have been isolated and sequenced from wounded fruit tissues of tomato, winter squash, zucchini, ripening apple and tomato fruit. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), four different ACC synthase gene fragments were obtained by amplification of cDNA derived from mRNA of tomato... 

Fig. 5.2.6 Long-distance polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect large deletions and insertions in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). The structure of the LDLR gene is shown from exon 1 through 18. The five fragments produced by the five long-distance PCRs are outlined. PCR1 covers exons 1-5, PCR2 exons 6-13, PCR3 exons 15-18, PCR 4 exons 2-10, and PCR5 exons 12-18...

A thermal cycler (see 8.2.3.2 Polymerase Chain Reaction) is required for the cycle sequencing reaction. MRC Holland offers kits for different sequencing instruments. For more detailed instructions refer to the appropriate instrument user s manual. MLPA fragment analysis requires a fluorescent DNA analysis system. We recommend instruments from Applied Biosystems (e.g. the 16-capillary ABI PRISM 3100 Genetic Analyser) other instruments are available from GC Healthcare and Beckman. 

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