Polymerase chain reaction costs

Electrostatic immobilization is often employed when cDNA is used for array production, as this material, usually a product of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), is available in relatively large amounts at low cost. 

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an alternative to bacterial cloning. This is a method of gene amplification that does not require living cells it takes place in vitro and can produce (in a cost-effective way) commercial quantities of pure potential medicines. 

Nigrovic LE, Chiang VW. Cost analysis of enteroviral polymerase chain reaction in infants with fever and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000 154 817-21. 

Kim SK, Jun JB, El-Sohemy A, Bae SC (2006) Cost-effectiveness analysis of MTHFR polymorphism screening by polymerase chain reaction in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate. J Rheumatol 33 1266-1274... 

A subtle but important benefit of biotechnology is the use of genetic probes and tests based on the polymerase chain reaction to screen for and identify pathogens in foods. The economics could result in 40 billion/year cost savings as a result of reduced illness. Clearly, these are public benefits from many of the biotechnology-derived products that are currently available and will become available in the next century. As more sophisticated products become available, the benefits should continue to increase. Biotechnology very likely offers the best answer to respond to society s demands for plentiful new food varieties. These foods must be appetizing, nutritious, safe and healthy with minimal envirotunental... 

The analysis of DNA by CE represents one of the best examples for application of this technique in clinical analysis where the low cost, the full automation, and the speed of analysis compared to the slab gels accelerated the implementation of this technique in sequencing the human genome. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the Genome project, viral detection, blood transfusion safety, and forensic identification are all pushing the widespread use of DNA analysis especially by CE further than most investigators have expected. 

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