Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assays, polymerase chain reaction

ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay PCR, polymerase chain reaction. 

Laboratory confirmation is vital to effective treatment of HSV, especially in individuals in whom a clinical diagnosis cannot be obtained. There are several methods by which a definitive diagnosis may be acquired, and these include virologic typing, serologic diagnosis, rapid point-of-care antigen detection, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblot, and DNA polymerase chain reaction.27... 

The traditional microbiological methods are very time consuming and sometimes limited concerning their interpretation. For that reason fast analysis methods as well as automated methods have been developed the latter are often used in specialised microbiological laboratories. During the last few years more and more modern biotechnological methods have been implemented into quality control, for example the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or more recently the polymerase chain reaction, which allows the detection of very specific microorganisms. 

There are a few studies comparing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of the same allergen, showing a generally good correlation for different food matrices (Meyer et al., 1996 Holzhauser et al., 2000, 2002 Dahinden et al., 2001 Stephan and Vieths, 2004 Hirao et al., 2006 Yamakawaet al., 2007 Bettazzi et al., 2008 Demmel et al., 2008 ... 

Lassa fever is most often diagnosed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assays (ELISA), which detect IgM and IgG antibodies as well as Lassa antigen. The virus itself may be cultured in 7 to 10 days. Immunohistochemistiy performed on tissue specimens can be used to make a post-mortem diagnosis. The virus can also be detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) however, this method is primarily a research tool. 

Antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing, IgM ELISA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and virus isolation can be used to diagnose a case of Ebola HF within a few days of the onset of symptoms. Persons tested later in the cour.se of the disease or after recovery can be tested for IgM and IgG antibodies the disease can al.so be diagnosed retrospectively in deceased patients by using iminunohistochemistry testing, virus isolation, or PCR. 

Methods BF = bright field LM of tissue impression smears, wet-mounts, stained whole mounts LM = light microscopy PH = phase microscopy DF = dark-field microscopy TEM/SEM = transmission/scanning electron microscopy of sections or of purified or semi-purified virus ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay PAb = polyclonal antibodies MAb = monoclonal antibodies DBH = dot blot hybridization ISH = in situ hybridization PCR = polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR = reverse transcription PCR. 

Additionally it has been our experience that mass spectrometry as a routine detection/identification technique for bacteria is not well received by microbiologists and clinicians who prefer less expensive, less complicated approaches to bacterial typing and identification, such as methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). For that reason we have adapted our MS approach to serve as a means of biomarker discovery that feeds candidate proteins or leads into development as PCR targets or other immunoassay techniques. 

Eig. 5. Several endpoint detection methods were compared for the detection of immuno-polymerase chain reaction (IPCR) amplificate from a direct IPCR (Fig. 3A) of mouse-IgG. Although all IPCR/DNA-detection combinations were able to improve the detection limit of a comparable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) of approximately 10 amol IgG in a 30-fL sample volume, several differences were observed in actual detection limit, and the linearity of the concentration/signal ratio dependent on the DNA quantification was applied. Best results were obtained for PCR-ELISA (see also Fig. 6) in combination with fluorescence- or chemiluminescence-generating substrates (b, c). With photometric substrates (d) or gel electrophoresis and subsequent spot densitometry (a), a 10-fold decrease in sensitivity was observed. In addition to the more sigmoid curve in gel electrophoresis, an enhanced overall error of 20% compared to 13% in PCR-ELISA was observed for two independent assays. The simple addition of a double-strand sensitive intercalation marker to the PCR-amplificate and measurement in a fluorescence spectrometer further decreased sensitivity (e) and appears therefore to be unsuited for IPCR amplificate quantification. (Figure modified according to references 37 and 65.)... 

Niemeyer CM, Adler M, Blohm D. Fluorometric polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of immuno-PCR products in microplates. Anal Biochem 1997 246(1) 140-145. 

Western Australia and New South Wales, Australia and Nebraska, USA Quality ofwheat for salt noodle predicted by 1) separation of waxy proteins isolated from starch 2) polymerase chain reaction-based assay for null Wx-B1 locus in leafDNA 3) immunoassay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for total waxy proteins dissolved from starch 262-264... 

PCR, polymerase chain reaction ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay fM, femtomolar (10 molar) aM, attomolar (10 molar)... 

Diagnosis and Treatment Skin anthrax may be diagnosed from the biopsy of the sore and performing microscopic examination of the organism. Inhalation anthrax however, is difficult to diagnose. Chest x-ray, lab cultures and blood tests should be carried out. Rapid laboratory tests may be carried out to diagnose anthrax. Such tests include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) methods. 

Koppel E, Stadler M, Liithy J, Hiibner P (1998). Detection of wheat contamination in oats by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Z... 

---