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Kocis, G. R., and Grossmann, I. E., A Modeling/Decomposition Strategy for MINLP Optimization of Process Flowsheets, paper no. 76a, AIChE Meeting, Washingtonj D.C., 1988. [Pg.14]

When used to separate solid-solid mixtures, the material is ground to a particle size small enough to liberate particles of the chemical species to be recovered. The mixture of solid particles is then dispersed in the flotation medium, which is usually water. Gas bubbles become attached to the solid particles, thereby allowing them to float to the surface of the liquid. The solid partices are collected from the surface by an overflow weir or mechanical scraper. The separation of the solid particles depends on the different species having different surface properties such that one species is preferentially attached to the bubbles. A number of chemicals are added to the flotation medium to meet the various requirements of the flotation process ... [Pg.70]

In practice, there is likely to be a trace of decane in the reactor eflfluent. However, this should not be a problem, since it can either be recycled with the unreacted chlorine or leave with the product, monochlorodecane (providing it can still meet product specifications). [Pg.104]

Again, in practice, there is likely to be a trace of chlorine in the reactor effluent. This can be recycled to the reactor with the unreacted decane or allowed to leave with the hydrogen chloride byproduct (providing this meets with the byproduct specification). [Pg.104]

Townsend, D. W., and Linnhoff, B., Surface Area Targets for Heat Exchanger Networks, IChemE Annual Research Meeting, Bath, U.K., 1984. [Pg.236]

Separators working at unsteady conditions produce products which do not meet the required sales specification. [Pg.289]

The network can now be designed using the pinch design method.The philosophy of the pinch design method is to start at the pinch and move away. At the pinch, the rules for the CP inequality and the number of streams must be obeyed. Above the utility pinch and below the process pinch in Fig. 16.17, there is no problem in applying this philosophy. However, between the two pinches, there is a problem, since designing away from both pinches could lead to a clash where both meet. [Pg.381]

Moreover, certain commercial products should meet specifications including those for fractions distilled at certain temperatures. [Pg.163]

For a long time the official specifications for diesel fuel set only a mciximum viscosity of 9.5 mm /s at 20°C. Henceforth, a range of 2.5 mm /s minimum to 4.5 mm /s maximum has been set no longer for 20°C but at 40°C which seems to be more representative of injection pump operation. Except for special cases such as very low temperature very fluid diesel fuel and very heavy products, meeting the viscosity standards is not a major problem in refining. [Pg.214]

For the refiner, the main problem is to meet the specifications for kinematic viscosity and sulfur content. Dilution by light streams such as home-heating oil and LCO, and selection of feedstocks coming from low-sulfur crude oils give him a measure of flexibility that will nevertheless lead gradually to future restrictions, most notably the new more severe antipollution rules imposing lower limits on sulfur and nitrogen contents. [Pg.241]

In order to meet French manufacturers fuel quality specifications, a diesel fuel should contain a detergent additive whose effectiveness will have been demonstrated by the procedure described previously. [Pg.247]

The European regulations have set SO2 emission limits for industrial combustion systems. They range from 1700 mg/Nm for power generation systems of less than 300 MW and to 400 mg/Nm for those exceeding 500 MW between 300 and 500 MW, the requirements are a linear interpolation (Figure 5.24). To give an idea how difficult it is to meet these requirements, recall that for a fuel having 4% sulfur, the SO2 emissions in a conventional boiler are about 6900 mg/Nm this means that a desulfurization level of 75% will be necessary to attain the SO2 content of 1700 mg/Nm and a level of 94% to reach 400 mg/Nm. ... [Pg.256]

A conclusion is that meeting the regulations for NO emissions in industrial combustion practically implies a limit in the nitrogen content of fuel of 3000 ppm. [Pg.269]

The properties of bases are modified by additives to meet the specifications. The principal classes of additives are (see chapter 9) as follows ... [Pg.279]

Specifications represent, as indicated in dictionaries, the definition of the characteristics that a construction, a material, a product, etc., must have. The specifications for industrial products, such as petroleum products, are thus lists of terms and conditions that the products must meet. There are many types of specifications for petroleum products ... [Pg.293]

During loading and unloading of crude oil tankers, the specific gravity of the crude is measured to confirm it meets the specifications for the case where payment is made on a barrel basis, or when the volume is converted into weight if the transaction is based on a price per ton (Hayward et al., 1980). [Pg.316]

At this point in time, the total sulfur content of crudes was not taken into consideration, since most of them were produced and refined in the United-States and contained less than 1%, and only the gasoline coming from corrosive crudes needed sweetening (elimination of thiols) for them to meet the specifications then in force. Today all crudes containing more than one per cent sulfur are said to be corrosive . [Pg.322]

Indeed, it is not possible for refining products to meet from the start all the specifications that could be required as a matter of fact, it often seems to be easier and less costly to correct a defect or to improve a property by the addition of a small quantity of additive rather than to proceed with a complete product reformulation. [Pg.345]

Refining alone can not, economically, provide a fuel to meet specifications the role of organic lead derivatives has long been to make up the difference between the octane number of the clear fuel and the octane required by legislation. [Pg.346]

In relatively small doses (see Chapter 5), additives made it possible for the refiner to gain several points in octane number and thereby to allow the premium gasoline to meet specifications. [Pg.352]

The elimination of lead, the reduction of aromatics in gasoline, and the desulfurization of diesel fuels are oing to require significant reformulations of these products that will irripiy development of specific additives that allow the refiner to optimize costs while meeting the required specifications. [Pg.354]

Owing to its flexibility, the refining industry is abie to meet the changes in demand and quality ... [Pg.366]

For the long term, 2010-2020 refinery complex meeting environmental reg 4)atimn and ensuring total conversion of the heavy ends... [Pg.366]

Applied to atmospheric residue, its purpose is to produce maximum diesel oil and gasoline cuts while meeting viscosity and thermal stability specifications for industrial fuels. [Pg.378]

This flowsheet can not meet newly required environmental regulations ... [Pg.408]

Benson, J.D. et al. (1991), Effects of gasoline sulfur level on mass exhaust emissions . SAE paper No. 91-2323, International fuels and lubricants meeting, Toronto, Ontario. [Pg.453]

Bert, J.A., J.A. Gething, T.J. Hansel, H.K. Newhall, R.J. Peyla and D.A. Voss (1983), A gasoline additive concentrate removes combustion chamber deposits and reduces vehicle octane requirement . SAE paper No. 83-1709, Fuels and Lubricants meeting, San Francisco, CA. [Pg.453]

Biedermann, J.M., J.-P. Peries and J. Bousquet (1987), SOLVAHL an attractive way to provide conversion units with high quality feedstocks . National Petroleum Refiners Association (NPRA) paper No. AM-87-41, Annual meeting, San Antonio, TX. [Pg.453]

Damin, B., A. Faure, J. Denis, B. Sillion, P. Claudy and J.M. Letoffe (1986), New additives for diesel fuels cloud point depressents . SAE paper No. 86-1527, International fuels and lubricants meeting and exposition, Philadelphia, PA. [Pg.454]

Glavincevski, B., O.L. Gulder and L. Gardner (1984), Cetane number estimation of diesel fuels from carbon type structural composition . SAE paper No. S4- 34, International fuels and lubricants meeting, Baltimore, MD. [Pg.455]

Hall, D.W. and L.M. Gibbs (1976), Carburetor deposits are clean throttle bodies enough . SAE paper No. 76-0752, Automobile Engineering Meeting, Dearborn, Ml. [Pg.456]

Maier, C.E., P.-H. Bigeard, A. Billon and P. Dufresne (1988), Boost middle distillate yield and quality with a new generation of hydrocracking catalyst . NPRA paper No. AM-88-76, Annual meeting, San Antonio, TX. [Pg.457]

Martin, B. and P.-H. Bigeard (1992), Hydrotreatment of diesel fuels -its impact on light- duty diesel engine pollutants . SAE paper No. 92-2268, International fuels and lubricants meeting, San Francisco, CA. [Pg.457]

Sirtori, S., P. Garibaldi and F.A. Vicenzetto (1974), Prediction of the combustion properties of gasolines from the analysis of their composition . SAE paper No. 74-1058, International Automobile Engineering and Manufacturing Meeting, Toronto, Ontario. [Pg.459]


See other pages where Meeting is mentioned: [Pg.2]    [Pg.318]    [Pg.419]    [Pg.163]    [Pg.190]    [Pg.200]    [Pg.217]    [Pg.228]    [Pg.408]    [Pg.453]   
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