Additives for gasolines

Most of the ethylene dichloride produced is utilized for the manufacture of vinyl chloride, which may be obtained from it by pyrolysis or the action of caustic soda. Large quantities are also used in anti-knock additives for gasoline. As a solvent It has been displaced by trichloroethylene and tetrachloroelhyJene. U.S. production 1978 4-75 megatonnes. 

This chapter is divided in two parts additives for motor fuels and additives for lubricants. Concerning additives for gasoline, one will find here in Chapter 9 some useful complements to Chapter 5, especially regarding the synthesis of additives and their modes of action. 

Nelson, O.L., R.W. Krumm, R.S. Fein, D.D. Fuller, G.K. Rightmire and G.E, Ducker (1989), "A broad spectrum, non metallic additive for gasoline and diesel fuels performance in gasoline engines". SAE paper No. 89-0214, fnt. Congress, Detroit, MI. 

Fuels, Lubricants, and Transmission Fluids. Polyol esters of neopentanoic acid have been used as high vacuum pumping hquids that are stable in chemically aggressive environments (70). Esters such as 6- -ani1inophenoxy)hexy1 pivalate are used as antioxidants for synthetic ester lubricants (71). PivaUc anhydride [1538-75-6] has been claimed as an antiknock additive for gasoline (72). 

Not all plants produce one major product. Some plants, called multipurpose plants, may use the same equipment to produce a number of different products. This might be true for insecticides or herbicides. The major market for these chemicals is in the spring and early summer. If another product could be produced for fall and winter consumption, such as a de-icer additive for gasolines, then the plant could be operated all year with a minimum amount of storage. Such a plant would probably not be the optimum plant for either process, but the company s over-all profits would be greater than if two separate plants were built. 

Colorless oily liquid with a musty or fruity odor. Commercial material may be dyed red, orange, or blue. This material is hazardous through inhalation, skin absorption (liquid), penetration through broken skin, and ingestion, and produces local skin/eye impacts. Used industrially as an antiknock additive for gasoline. 

Butane isomerization is usually carried out to have a source of isobutane which is often reacted with C3-C5 olefins to produce alkylate, a high octane blending gasoline [13]. An additional use for isobutane was to feed dehydrogenation units to make isobutene for methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) production, but since the phaseout of MTBE as an oxygenate additive for gasoline, this process has decHned in importance. Zeolitic catalysts have not yet been used industriaUy for this transformation though they have been heavily studied (Table 12.1). 

Uses. As a flame retardant, a preignition additive for gasoline, an antifoam agent, a plasticizer and stabilizer, a textile conditioner, and an antistatic agent used experimentally to mimic the physical and spectroscopic (but not biological) properties of anticholinesterase agents... 

Dicyclopentadienyliron finds limited application as a catalyst. It was used earlier as an antiknock additive for gasoline. The complex also is used to synthesize other metal jr-complexes and their derivatives. 

Halpert, Julie Edelson. 1995. Safety Debate over Additive for Gasoline. New York Times (December 26) Dl. 

Polyisobutylenes are easily made via the acid-catalyzed polymerization of isobutylene. The low molecular weight polymers are used as additives for gasoline and lubricating oils, whereas higher molecular weight polymers are used as adhesives, sealants, caulks, and protective insulation. 

The following is an example of an alkylation reaction that is important in the production of isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) from two components of crude oil isobutane and isobutene. Isooctane is an antiknock additive for gasoline. 

Ferox. [Parish] Additives for gasoline and diesel fuel. 

OTHER COMMENTS main usage is in anti-knock additives for gasoline commercial products are impure, dyed red, orange or blue, with added stabilizer (1,2-dichloroethane, toluene) symptoms of encephalopathy do not become manifest until a delayed period of time. 

A compound used as an additive for gasoline to help prevent engine knock shows the following percentage composition ... 

Note An antiknock additive for gasoline. May be found in an oil gaseous solution.]... 

Physical Description Colorless liquid (unless dyed red, orange, or blue) with a pleasant, sweet odor. [Note Main usage Is in anti-knock additives for gasoline ] ... 

Acetyl acetone is used as a reagent for organic synthesis and as a transition metal chelating agent. Its organometallic complexes are used as additives for gasoline and lubricants, and in varnishes, color, ink, and fungicides. 

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