Design process meetings

Peifluoioalkoxy (PFA) fluoiocaibon lesins aie designed to meet industry s needs in chemical, electrical, and mechanical appHcations. These melt processible copolymers contain a fluorocarbon backbone in the main chain and randomly distributed perfluorinated ether side chains ... 

Whereas process simulation includes quantitative analysis of a design given the stmcture of the design, process synthesis involves determining the stmcture that will meet the requirements of the design as well as finding the best stmcture for the requirements. For example, if components A, B, C, and D whose relative volatOities were in the order D, C, B, and A were to be separated by distillation for which each column produced a top and a bottom fraction, five schemes of three columns arise as possible stmctures (53) (Fig. 8). 

Process. In each of the systems discussed above there is a need to form crystals, to cause the crystals to grow, and to separate the crystals from residual Hquid. There are various ways to accomplish these objectives lea ding to a multitude of processes that are designed to meet requirements of product yield, purity, and, uniquely, crystal size distribution. 

The final design should meet process requirements (within reasonable expectations of error) at lowest cost. The lowest cost should include operation and maintenance costs and credit for ability to meet long-term process changes, as well as installed (capital) cost. Ex(mangers should not be selected entirely on a lowest-first-cost basis, which frequently results in future penalties. 

The techniques of design verification identified in clause 4.4.7 can be used to verify that the design output meets the design input requirements. However, design verification is often an iterative process. As features are determined, their compliance with the require-... 

There are two basic types of packed-bed reactors those in which the solid is a reactant and those in which the solid is a catalyst. Many e.xaniples of the first type can be found in the extractive metallurgical industries. In the chemical process industries, the designer normally meets the second type, catalytic reactors. Industrial packed-bed catalylic reactors range in size from units with small tubes (a few centimeters in diameter) to large-diameter packed beds. Packed-bed reactors are used for gas and gas-liquid reactions. Heat transfer rates in large-diameter packed beds are poor and where high heat transfer rates are required, Jluidized beds should be considered. ... 

The standards require that formal design review meetings be conducted at appropriate stages in the process. The meetings should be attended by representatives of persoimel responsible for the design stage, together with other experts as appropriate... 

The team members must represent the various scientific disciplines that are associated with the experimental processes of Interest. The methodology requires the design team to meet several times over a period of several weeks to carry out a set of formal agendas described below and to conclude Its efforts with a formal document. The document will contain either a detailed experimental design that meets the constraints of the envisioned test program, or the document will show that an acceptable experimental design does not exist and the envisioned experiment should not be Implemented. In either case, the detailed documentation permits subsequent peer review. 

The creative part of the design process is the generation of possible solutions to the problem (ways of meeting the objective) for analysis, evaluation and selection. In this activity the designer will largely rely on previous experience, his own and that of others. 

HTR A catalytic process for making gas from oil, designed for meeting peak loads. Developed by North Western Gas, UK, in the 1960s. 

Development at ElectroCell Systems AB has resulted in a multipurpose cell design that meets the specific requirements of electrochemical synthesis and environmental protection. To facilitate electrochemical scale-up of potentially promising processes four different cells have been developed and are commercially available off-the-shelf from ElectroCell Systems AB. 

In the case of HR-NMR the main stipulation is that all samples introduced to the analyzer must be in an entirely liquid form in order for the protons in the entire molecular distribution to be observed. Solids will not provide observable H signals and their presence will therefore reduce the efficacy of the on-line predictions or the model development. A sampling tap from the process lines must deliver separate streams (up to five) to the sample system at a flow rate of 260-340 liters per hour. The sample system must be designed to provide each sample stream to the NMR probe with a temperature variation of less than 3°C. Each sample system is custom designed to meet the above criteria by working in close collaboration with process engineers on the temperature, flows, pressures, viscosities, and solids content found in the various process lines. 

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