Surgery

Covers the body and mind in sickness and in health, including drugs, surgery, history, institutions, medical vocabulary and many other aspects. Highly commendable - Journal of the Institute of Health Education... 

In ammoniacal solution (in which the ion [AgfNHjlj]" is formed) it is readily reduced to silver (see above) by many organic compounds. The use of silver nitrate for marking clothes depends on its reduction by the material to black silver. The reduction also occurs even when the neutral solution comes in contact with the skin, and a black stain is left. Thus solid silver nitrate rubbed on the skin leaves a black deposit and so is used in surgery as a mild caustic—hence the old name for silver nitrate of lunar caustic. 

Ethylene when deeply inhaled produces temporary anaesthesia which is almost devoid of unpleasant after-effects hence it has been used for dental surgery, minor operations, etc. 

Liquid helium s use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) continues to increase as the medical profession accepts and develops new uses for the equipment. This equipment has eliminated some need for exploratory surgery by accurately diagnosing patients. Another medical application uses MRE to determine (by blood analysis) whether a patient has any form of cancer. 

In any case, I eventually recovered (and so did Jerry), but my immune system must have suffered serious damage, which manifested itself three years later, when I collapsed in my office one day and was found to be bleeding internally from a form of rare stomach cancer, which necessitated major surgery but was fortunately localized. I again recovered and have had no further difficulties since. Whether weakening and knocking out my immune system to overcome the previous problems had any effect is not clear, but it could have been a factor. Despite my health problems I was able to continue my work without much interruption, and the scientific productivity of my group has not... 

Isopropyl alcohol is prepared from petroleum by hydration of propene With a boil mg point of 82°C isopropyl alcohol evaporates quickly from the skin producing a cool mg effect Often containing dissolved oils and fragrances it is the major component of rubbing alcohol Isopropyl alcohol possesses weak antibacterial properties and is used to maintain medical instruments m a sterile condition and to clean the skin before minor surgery... 

Laser sensors Laser spray Laser surgery Laser video disks LaserVision Laser welding... 

Surfactant structure Surfactant-lype antistats Surfactol Surfadones Surfilcon-A Surflan Surfonic Surfynol Surfynol 104 Surgam [33005-95-7] Surgery... 

Biotransplant United States post-surgery therapeutics... 

Bisacodyl (9) is a contact laxative that may be given orally or rectaHy. It is often used for evacuation of the bowel prior to surgery or diagnostic examination. It may obviate the need for a cleansing enema. 

Secondary immunodeficiencies (9) are much more common than primary ones and frequently occur as a result of immaturity of the immune system in premature infants, immunosuppressive therapy, or surgery and trauma. Illnesses, particularly when prolonged and serious, have been associated with secondary immunodeficiencies, some of which may be reversible. Acquked immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (10—12) may be considered a secondary immunodeficiency disease caused by the human immunodeficiency vimses HIV-1 or HIV-2. Hitherto unknown, the disease began to spread in the United States during the latter part of the 1970s. The agent responsible for this infection has been isolated and identified as a retrovims. 

The immunorestorative potential of inosiplex has been evaluated in several clinical conditions, including post-surgical trauma, cancer patients with concurrent viral infections, and cancer patients receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy. For example, most (84%) of the surgery patients remained immunologicaHy depressed, but 56% of the inosiplex-treated surgery patients had complete restoration of normal skin test reactivity (probability level < 0.0005). The use of inosiplex as an adjuvant to chemotherapy or radiotherapy appears to be valuable in the prophylaxis against opportunistic infections. 

Modem cancer therapy has been primarily dependent upon surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy (72) (see Chemotherapeutics,anticancer Hormones Radiopharmaceuticals). Chemotherapeutic agents maybe able to retard the rate of growth, but are unable to eradicate the entire population of neoplastic cells without significant destmction of normal host tissue. This serious side effect limits general use. More recentiy, the immunotherapeutic approach to cancer has involved modification and exploitation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms in host defense, regulation of tissue proliferation, tissue differentiation, and tissue survival. The results have been more than encouraging. 

The combination of different therapeutic modafities, surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation, as well as a combination of different chemotherapeutic... 

Single-dose preparations intended for use in eye surgery do not contain excipient ingredients, in order to avoid tissue irritation. However, multiple-dose containers may require antioxidants (qv), antimicrobial preservatives, or buffers to maintain stabiHty and stefiHty. Such solutions are packaged in polyethylene flexible dropper units called droptainers or in glass dropper botdes. 

Many patents have been issued on the use of pyrogaUol derivatives as pharmaceuticals. PyrogaUol has been used extemaUy in the form of an ointment or a solution in the treatment of skin diseases, eg, psoriasis, ringworm, and lupus erythematosus. GaUamine triethiodide (16) is an important muscle relaxant in surgery it also is used in convulsive-shock therapy. Trimethoprim (2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine) is an antimicrobial and is a component of Bactrin and Septra. Trimetazidine (l(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine (Vastarel, Yosimilon) is used as a coronary vasodilator. l,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methoxy-l-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-9JT-pyrido[3,4- ]indole hydrochloride is useful as a tranquilizer (52) (see Hypnotics, sedatives, ANTICONVULSANTS, AND ANXIOLYTICS). Substituted indanones made from pyrogaUol trimethyl ether depress the central nervous system (CNS) (53). Tyrosine-and glycine(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzyl)hydrazides are characterized by antidepressant and anti-Parkinson activity (54). 

Another clinical consideration is the abiUty of local anesthetic agents to effect differential blockade of sensory and motor fibers. In surgical procedures such as obstetrics or postoperative pain rehef, an agent which produces profound sensory block accompanied by minimal motor block is desirable. On the other hand some procedures such as limb surgery require both deep sensory and motor blockade. In clinical practice, bupivacaine ( 22,... 

Prilocaine hydrochloride [1786-81-8] is also similar in profile to Hdocaine, although prilocaine has significantly less vasodilator activity. Prilocaine is the least toxic of the amino amide local anesthetics. However, its tendency to cause methemoglobinemia, especially in newborns, has eliminated its use in obstetric surgery. 

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