Surgery/resection

Menorrhagia also may be treated with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (IUD). This is a very effective treatment that consistently reduces menstrual flow by 90% or greater.29,30 Its use has resulted in the postponement or cancellation of scheduled endometrial resection surgery or hysterectomy. Specifically, 60% of treated patients have been able to avoid hysterectomy.30,34,35... 

In the 12-month safety study (N = 805, 2 1 (alvimopan placebo) randomization) 3 at 0.5 mg twice daily was well tolerated and showed evidence of sustained efficacy when taken continuously for 12 months by patients with nonmalignant pain requiring sustained treatment with opioids. However, unexpectedly, there were more reports of myocardial infarctions in patients treated with 3 at 0.5 mg twice daily compared with placebo-treated patients. The majority of myocardial infarctions occurred between 1 and 4 months after initiation of treatment. This imbalance has not been observed in other studies of 3, including studies in patients undergoing bowel resection surgery who received 3 at 12 mg twice daily for up to 7 days. A causal relationship with 3 has not been established [29]. 

Figure 11.1 Ultrastructure of the human lung alveolar barrier. The tissue specimen is obtained via lung resection surgery. (A) Section through a septal wall of an alveolus. The wall is lined by a thin cellular layer formed by alveolar epithelial type I cells (ATI). Connective tissues (ct) separate ATI cells from the capillary endothelium (en) within which an erythrocyte (er) and granulocyte (gc) can be seen. The minimal distance between the alveolar airspace (ai) and erythrocyte is about 800-900 nm. The endothelial nucleus is denoted as n. (B) Details of the lung alveolar epithelial and endothelial barriers. Numerous caveolae (arrows) are seen in the apical and basal plasma membranes of an ATI cell as well as endothelial cell (en) membranes. Caveolae may partake transport of some solutes (e.g., albumin). (C) ATII cells (ATII) are often localised in the comers of alveoli where septal walls branch off. (D) ATII cells are characterised by numerous multilamellar bodies (mlb) which contain components of surfactant. A mitochondrion is denoted as mi.

Rosell R, Felip E, Taron M et al. Gene expression as a predictive marker of outcome in stage IIB-IIIA-IIIB non-small cell lung cancer after induction gemcitabine-based chemotherapy followed by resectional surgery. Clin Cancer Res 2004 0 42 5s-42 9s. 

AED concentrations in the extracellular space of epileptogenic tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood plasma of patients undergoing resective surgery. They documented that perfusates, collected 1 h prior to tissue excision, exhibited signihcantly decreased AED concentrations in the epileptogenic zone compared to CSF samples [42, 43]. 

In two patients inhaling an aerosol containing Ga citrate 24 h before resection surgery Kennedy et al. (1985) found the nuclide only in alveolar macrophages but not in epithelial cells and interstitial mononuclear phagocytes. 

Selzner M, Morse MA, Vredenburgh JJ, Meyers WC, Clavien PA (2000) Liver metastases from breast cancer longterm survival after curative resection. Surgery 127 383-389... 

Alvimopan is indicated to prevent post operative ileus by accelerating the time to upper and lower gastrointestinal recovery following partial large or small bowel resection surgery with primary anastomosis (1>21. 

Because alvimopan reverses the adverse effects of opioids on the gastrointestinal tract, it accelerates gastrointestinal recovery in patients following colorectal or small-bowel resection surgery. This potentially improves patient comfort while reducing healthcare expenditure due to extended hospitalization. 

Colella G, Bottelli R, De Carlis L et al (1998) Hepatocellular carcinoma comparison between liver transplantation, resective surgery, ethanol injection, and chemoembolization. Transpl Int 11 S193-196 Daniels JR, Sternlicht M, Daniels AM (1988) Collagen chemoembolization pharmacokinetics and tissue tolerance... 

Hughes KS, Simon R, Songhorabodi S et al (1988) Resection of the liver for colorectal carcinoma metastases a multi-institutional study of indications for resections. Surgery 103 278-288... 

Subramanian A, Berbari EF, Brown MJ, AUen MS, Alsara A, Kor DJ. Plasma transfusion is associated with postoperative infectious complications following esophageal resection surgery a retrospective cohort study. J Cardiothorac Vase Anesth 2012 26(4) 569-74. 

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