Vitreoretinal surgery

Mennel, S. et al.. Patent blue a novel vital dye in vitreoretinal surgery, Ophthalmo-logica, 220,190, 2006. 

K. Kobuch, D.H. Menz, H. Hoerauf, J.H. Dresp, V.P. Gabel, New substances for intraocular tamponades Perfluorocarbon liquids, hydrofluorocarbon liquids and hydrofluorocarbon oligomers in vitreoretinal surgery, Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 

R. Zivojnovic, Silicone Oil in Vitreoretinal Surgery, Martinus Nijhoff/W. Junk, Dordrecht, 1987. 

Various gaseous (F-propane, SFe) and liquid (F-octane, F-decalin, F-perhydrophe-nanthren, mixed fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon diblocks, and fluorosilicones) F-com-pounds are being used as intraocular tamponades for use in vitreoretinal surgery [Chapter 9 by Rico-Lattes et a ., this volume]. Polymers with F-alkyl moieties are used in corneal inlays and implants and in intraocular lenses. 

Retinal detachment associated with vitreoretinopathy is a complication of ocular trauma and vitreoretinal surgery. The mechanism leading to the detachment is not completely understood (Weller etal., 1991 McGillem and Dacheux, 1998 Valeria Canto Soler etal., 2002). Several studies suggest a role of MP, however their origin was not... 

A 35-year-old man developed recurrent respiratory depression after being given alfentanil 0.0125 mg/kg for vitreoretinal surgery (5). General anesthesia was induced with a combination of propofol, rocuronium, and alfentanil, subsequent inhalation of isoflurane, and three additional doses of alfentanil (total 0.04 mg/kg over 2 hours). The pulse oxygen saturation fluctuated and was as low as 89% 180 minutes after extubation. 

Gioia L, Prandi E, Codenotti M, Casati A, Fanelli G, Torri TM, Azzolini C, Torri G. Peribnlbar anesthesia with either 0.75% ropivacaine or a 2% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine mixture for vitreoretinal surgery a double-blinded study. Anesth Analg 1999 89(3) 739-42. 

Calenda E, Olle P, Muraine M, Brassenr G. Peribnlbar anesthesia and sub-tenon injection for vitreoretinal surgery 300 cases. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2000 78(2) 196-9. 

An elderly man underwent vitreoretinal surgery for retinal detachment. Perfluorodecahn was used to repair the retina and was left in situ for 8 weeks and removed via the pars plana. One month later he developed a non-healing corneal epithelial defect associated with limbitis. Perfluorodecahn was found under the superior conjunctiva. A biopsy showed vacuoles in the conjunctival stroma surrounded by inflammatory cells. On surgical removal of the perfluorodecahn from the subconjunctival space, the epithelial defect healed. 

Vitreoretinopathic diseases are usually the result of perforating lesions and of manual or laser-assisted vitreoretinal surgery.53 Rhegmatogenous damage of the ILM... 

Hyaluronidase has found applications as an additive to the anesthetic agents used for peribulbar anesthesia for vitreoretinal surgery. Combinations of hyaluronidase with bupivacaine [119], lidocaine and epinephrine [120], lignocaine and adrenaline [121], or lidocaine and bupivacaine [122] were judged very... 

Insertion of an infusion cannula through the pars plana before placement of the implant is not necessary unless the eye has already undergone a vitrectomy. Optimally, the device should be inserted in the inferior quadrant unless there is a contraindication such as an existing implant(s) or tractional retinal detachment. As the future development of a retinal detachment is possible, particularly in patients with CMV retinitis, inferior placement of the device maximizes the likelihood that it would remain in an inferior aqueous meniscus, if vitreoretinal surgery is required. After a local peritomy is made, the ganciclovir devices are placed into the vitreous cavity via a 5-6 mm pars plana incision, 4 mm behind, and... 

Lewis H, Aaberg TM. Causes of failure after repeat vitreoretinal surgery for recurrent proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 1991 111 15-19. 

Blumenkranz MS, Hartzer MK, Iverson D. An overview of potential applications of heparin in vitreoretinal surgery. Retina 1992 12 S71-S74. 

Gonenc, B., Feldman, E., Gehlbach, P., Handa, J., Taylor R.H., lordachita, L Towards robot-assisted vitreoretinal surgery Force-sensing micro-forceps integrated with a handheld micromanipulator. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp 1399-1404 (2014)... 

Gonenc B, Balicki MA, Handa J, Gehlbach P, Riviere CN, Taylor RH, and lordachita I, Preliminary evaluation of a micro-force sensing handheld robot for vitreoretinal surgery, 2012 lEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp. 4125-4130, October 7-12, 2012, doi 10.1109/IROS.2012.6385715, 2012. 

Similarly as with the case above, the size and delicacy of eye structures require the use of microsurgical techniques when operating on this organ. Significant procedures here include vitreoretinal surgery, cataract surgery, and retinal vein cannulation. 

X. He, D. Roppenecker, D. Gierlach, M. Balicki, K. Olds, P. Gehlbach, J. Handa, R. Taylor, and I. lordachita, "Toward clinically applicable steady-hand eye robot for vitreoretinal surgery," Proc. ASMEIMECE, paper no. IMECE 2012-88384, pp. 145-153,2012. 

Uneri A, Balicki MA, Handa J, Gehlbach P, Taylor RH, lordachita I. New steady-hand eye robot with micro-force sensing for vitreoretinal surgery. In Proceedings of the lEEE/RAS-EMBS international conference on biomedical robotics and bio-mechatronics, vol. 2010. NIH Public Access 2010. p. 814. 

Rivas S, Pandya AG. Treatment of melasma with topical agents, peels, and lasers an evidence-based review. Am J Clin Derm 2013 14(5) 359-76. Le Q, Wang X, Lv L, Sun X, Xu J. In vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy of the cornea in patients with silicone oil tamponade after vitreoretinal surgery. Cornea 2012 31(8) 876-82. 

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