Ultrasound surgery

Move the transducer with the positioning arm and aim the focal spot through a hole in the plastic plate, so that it will enter the head of the animal when it is lying on its back on the plate. The movement of the transducer arm can be accomplished with manual lead screw-based positioning system or a remote-controlled hydraulic or mechanical computer-controlled system such as described for MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery (21) (see Note 4). 

J.A. Feshitan, et al., Theranostic Gd(lll)-lipid microbubbles for MRl-guided focused ultrasound surgery. Biomaterials 33 (1) (2012)... 

McDannold NJ, Jolesz FA, Hynynen KH (1999) Determination of the optimal delay between sonications during focused ultrasound surgery in rabbits by using MR imaging to monitor thermal buildup in vitro. Radiology 211 419-426... 

Huber PE, lenne W, Raster R et al (2001) A new noninva-sive approach in breast cancer therapy using magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery. Cancer Res 61 8441-8447... 

Kaufman CS, Bachman B, Littrup PJ et al (2004) Cryoablation treatment of benign breast lesions with 12-month follow-up. Am J Surg 188 340-348 Kennedy JE, Ter Haar GR, Cranston D (2003) High intensity focused ultrasound surgery of the future Br J Radiol 76 590-599... 

Focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) Surgery that involves the use of extremely high frequency sound targeted to highly specific sites of a few millimeters or less. 

Implantable valves, particularly mechanical valves which continue to encroach on tissue valves, are unique. Methods such as valvuloplasty, mitral valve repair, or use of ultrasound are unlikely to reduce the number of valve replacements into the twenty-first century. Valve selection remains in the hands of the surgeon because of the critical nature of the procedure. If anything goes wrong, the result can be catastrophic to the patient. Cost of a valve, from 3000— 4000, is a relatively small part of the cost of open-heart surgery which can mn as high as 30,000. Growth of the cardiovascular valve market has slowed in the United States with the decline of the threat of rheumatic fever. 

Besides cancer, tamoxifen induces benign changes in the endometrial and subendometrial structures, which induce a burden of unnecessary examinations (ultrasound, hysteroscopy, biopsy etc.) and surgery (D Cs, hysterectomies) due to misleading or false positive ultrasonographic reports (Dijkhuizen et al. 1996). Since the absolute incidence of the disease is low... 

The connection between the use of ultrasound for the machining and drilling of hard materials (see below) and dentistry is clear since tooth enamel is a very hard material. In the dentist s surgery a new instrument has been introduced which is essentially a small ultrasonic probe operating at 25 kHz with a variety of attachments. Although... 

Well, life doesn t always go the way you plan. Unfortunately, my son was noted to have an adrenal mass on ultrasound about two weeks before his birth, and thus my best laid plans for natural delivery were thwarted by my need to know, at forty weeks, if this child would need major surgery to remove one kidney and an adrenal gland within a few weeks of his birth. That thought was unimaginable, but I entered my third induction with the firm mind-set that my son needed to be born, we needed to knowthe realityof his medical condition, and we needed to proceed with whatever treatment would be necessary. 

Hynynen, K., Clement, G.T., McDannold, N., Vykhodtseva, N., King, R., White, P.J., Vitek, S., and Jolesz, F A. (2004) 500-element ultrasound phased array system for noninvasive focal surgery of the brain A preliminary rabbit study with ex vivo human skulls. Magn. Reson. Med. 52,100-107. 

Although duplex sonography is non-invasive and widely available, there are some difficulties that any ultrasound service must deal with (Box 12.1). Nonetheless, with stringent quality control and ideally with confirmation of stenosis by an independent observer, duplex sonography is now the most common way that carotid stenosis severe enough to warrant surgery is diagnosed (Chappell et al. 2006). 

Hartley, J.E., Kumar, H., Drew, EX, Heer, K., Avery, G.R., Dnthie, G.S., Monson, J.R.T. Laparoscopic ultrasound for the detection of hepatic metastases during laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. Dis. Colon Rect. 2000 43 320-325... 

---