Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Immunosuppressive therapy

Secondary immunodeficiencies (9) are much more common than primary ones and frequently occur as a result of immaturity of the immune system in premature infants, immunosuppressive therapy, or surgery and trauma. Illnesses, particularly when prolonged and serious, have been associated with secondary immunodeficiencies, some of which may be reversible. Acquked immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (10—12) may be considered a secondary immunodeficiency disease caused by the human immunodeficiency vimses HIV-1 or HIV-2. Hitherto unknown, the disease began to spread in the United States during the latter part of the 1970s. The agent responsible for this infection has been isolated and identified as a retrovims. [Pg.32]

Although there is no rehable method as of this writing for induction of Ag-speciftc unresponsiveness, some degree of tolerance has been observed by use of nonspecific immunosuppressive therapy. This conclusion is supported by a decrease in the frequency of precursor T-ceUs reactive with graft HLA Ags in long-term recipients of organ transplants. [Pg.42]

Nonspecific immunosuppressive therapy in an adult patient is usually through cyclosporin (35), started intravenously at the time of transplantation, and given orally once feeding is tolerated. Typically, methylprednisone is started also at the time of transplantation, then reduced to a maintenance dose. A athioprine (31) may also be used in conjunction with the prednisone to achieve adequate immunosuppression. Whereas the objective of immunosuppression is to protect the transplant, general or excessive immunosuppression may lead to undesirable compHcations, eg, opportunistic infections and potential malignancies. These adverse effects could be avoided if selective immunosuppression could be achieved. Suspected rejection episodes are treated with intravenous corticosteroids. Steroid-resistant rejection may be treated with monoclonal antibodies (78,79) such as Muromonab-CD3, specific for the T3-receptor on human T-ceUs. Alternatively, antithymocyte globulin (ATG) may be used against both B- and T-ceUs. [Pg.42]

Paul LC (2001) Overview of side effects of immunosuppressive therapy. Transplant Proc 33 2089—2091... [Pg.622]

Varizella zoster vitus (VZV) is a highly contagious herpesvirus causing chickenpox upon primary infection. After recovery, the vims stays dormant in nerve roots. Weakening of the immune system, e.g. in people over the age of 60 or under immunosuppressive therapy, can lead to reactivation of VZV. This recurrence causes shingles (herpes zoster), a painful rash that develops in a well-defined band corresponding to the area enervated by the affected nerve cells. [Pg.1269]

Lewis R, Canafax D, Pettit K, et al. Use of Markov model for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapies in renal transplant recipients. Transpl Proc 1996 28 2214-17. [Pg.588]

The aminosalicylates, azathioprine, 6-MP, and infliximab are all viable options for treatment and maintenance of IBD in pediatric patients. Use of immunosuppressive therapy or infliximab may help reduce overall corticosteroid exposure. [Pg.292]

APCs, antigen-producing cells MMF, mycophenolate mofetil OKT-3, muronomab-CD3. (Adapted from Mueller XM. Drug immunosuppressive therapy for adult heart transplantation I. Immune response to allograft and mechanism of action of immunosuppressants. Ann Thorac Surg 2004 77 354-362, with permission.)... [Pg.838]

Azathioprine was originally approved by the FDA in 1968 as an adjunct immunosuppressant for use in renal transplant recipients. It is available in oral and IV dosage forms.11 Prior to the advent of cyclosporine, the combination of azathioprine and corticosteroids was the mainstay of immunosuppressive therapy. Over the past 10 years, the use of azathioprine has declined markedly due in large part to the success of the MPA derivatives, which are more specific inhibitors of T cell proliferation. [Pg.840]

Sirolimus is currently the only FDA-approved ToR inhibitor. One of its derivatives, everolimus, is in phase III clinical trials and has been approved for use in some European countries.30 Sirolimus is a macrolide antibiotic that has no effect on cal-cineurin phosphatase.11,31,32 Sirolimus inhibits T cell activation and proliferation by binding to and inhibiting the activation of the mammalian ToR, which suppresses cellular response to IL-2 and other cytokines (i.e., IL-4 and IL-15J.11,31 Studies have shown that sirolimus may be used safely and effectively with either cyclosporine or tacrolimus as a replacement for either azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil.33 However, when using both sirolimus and cyclosporine as part of a patient s immunosuppressant therapy, because of a drug interaction between the two resulting in a marked increase in sirolimus concentrations, it is recommended to separate the sirolimus and cyclosporine doses by at least 4 hours. Sirolimus also can be used as an alternative agent for patients who do not tolerate calcineurin inhibitors due to nephrotoxicity or other adverse events.34... [Pg.842]

Elevated cholesterol levels in transplant patients are due to a culmination of factors such as age, genetic disposition, renal dysfunction, DM, proteinuria, body weight, and immunosuppressive therapy. Many of the immunosuppressive agents can produce elevations in serum lipid levels. [Pg.848]

New-onset DM prevention consists mainly of identifying patients at risk before transplantation and controlling modifiable risk factors both before and after transplantation.74 The major modifiable risk factors are choice of immunosuppressive therapy and body mass index (BMI). For example,... [Pg.850]

Clinicians must follow patient responses to immunosuppressant therapy, including identifying and treating the adverse sequelae associated with lifelong immunosuppression, such as cardiovascular disease, malignancy, infection, and osteoporosis, among others. [Pg.851]

There is clear evidence linking defects of the immune system to the development of NMSC. For example, it is observed that patients receiving chronic immunosuppressant therapy for organ transplantation have a 50% risk of developing SCC within 20 years of transplantation, and 30% of these cancers are highly aggressive.21 Additionally, patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are predisposed to melanoma.18 Data also support the idea that UV radiation... [Pg.1429]

When immunosuppressive therapy is administered for long periods, the patient must be monitored closely for chronic toxicity. Blood counts should be monitored routinely in patients on azathioprine because hematologic toxicity resulting in infection and bleeding may occur. Cushingoid effects, aseptic... [Pg.1459]

Antibodies have and likely will find additional use in transplantation-related medicine. In general, cell-mediated immunological mechanisms are responsible for mediating rejection of transplanted organs. In many instances, transplant patients must be maintained on immunosuppressive drugs (e.g. some steroids and, often, the fungal metabolite cyclosporine). However, complications may arise if a rejection episode is encountered that proves unresponsive to standard immunosuppressive therapy. Orthoclone OKT-3 was the first monoclonal antibody-based product to find application in this regard. [Pg.395]

Other acquired disorders affecting myelin in humans may be secondary to viral infections, neoplasias or immunosuppressive therapy 646... [Pg.639]

Other acquired disorders affecting myelin in humans may be secondary to viral infections, neoplasias or immunosuppressive therapy. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, also called postinfectious or postimmunization encephalitis, represents a group of disorders usually of mixed viral-immunological etiology. The condition is most commonly related to a spontaneous viral infection, of which major examples are measles, smallpox or chickenpox [1,2]. [Pg.646]

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is historically a rare demyelinating disease that is usually associated with disorders of the reticuloendothelial system, neoplasias and immunosuppressive therapy [1, 2]. However, it has become more important in clinical medicine because it is frequently seen as an opportunistic secondary infection in immunocompromised persons with AIDS. PML is characterized by focal lesions that are noninflammatory and caused by infection of oligodendrocytes with the JC papovavirus. [Pg.647]

Infliximab is used for moderate to severe active Crohn s disease in patients failing immunosuppressive therapy, in those who are corticosteroid dependent, and for treatment of fistulizing disease. A single, 5 mg/kg infusion is effective when given every day for 8 weeks. Additional doses at 2 and 6 weeks following the initial dose results in higher response rates. Adalimumab is effective in 54% of patients with moderate to severe Crohn s disease who have lost response to infliximab. The typical dosage is 160 mg subcutaneously initially, followed by 80 mg subcutaneously at week 2, with subsequent doses of 40 mg subcutaneously every other week thereafter. [Pg.304]

Leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin s disease, or multiple myeloma / Generalized malignancy / Chronic renal failure of nephritic syndrome / Patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy / Organ or bone marrow transplant recipients... [Pg.586]

Farmer (F3) reported a decrease of Lp(a) after cardiac transplantation, probably as result of decreased Lp(a) synthesis caused by immunosuppressive therapy. [Pg.92]

The expression level of intestinal MDR1 mRNA has been utilized to the personalized immunosuppressant therapy with tacrolimus in cases of living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) [84], Tacrolimus shows wide... [Pg.568]


See other pages where Immunosuppressive therapy is mentioned: [Pg.242]    [Pg.621]    [Pg.621]    [Pg.669]    [Pg.936]    [Pg.28]    [Pg.44]    [Pg.117]    [Pg.356]    [Pg.352]    [Pg.835]    [Pg.838]    [Pg.842]    [Pg.1216]    [Pg.1217]    [Pg.1227]    [Pg.1457]    [Pg.1457]    [Pg.1459]    [Pg.1460]    [Pg.149]    [Pg.434]    [Pg.41]    [Pg.554]    [Pg.211]    [Pg.200]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.20 , Pg.528 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.20 , Pg.528 ]




SEARCH



Antibody therapies immunosuppression

Immunosuppressant

Immunosuppression

Immunosuppressive therapy antithymocyte globulins

Immunosuppressive therapy azathioprine

Immunosuppressive therapy calcineurin inhibitors

Immunosuppressive therapy cell culture

Immunosuppressive therapy complications

Immunosuppressive therapy corticosteroids

Immunosuppressive therapy cyclosporine

Immunosuppressive therapy drug complications

Immunosuppressive therapy drug interactions

Immunosuppressive therapy evaluation

Immunosuppressive therapy goals

Immunosuppressive therapy leflunomide

Immunosuppressive therapy muromonab

Immunosuppressive therapy mycophenolate mofetil

Immunosuppressive therapy osteoporosis with

Immunosuppressive therapy procedure

Immunosuppressive therapy restenosis

Immunosuppressive therapy sirolimus

Immunosuppressive therapy systemic

Immunosuppressive therapy tacrolimus

Immunosuppressives

Solid-organ transplantation immunosuppressive therapy

© 2024 chempedia.info