Surgery devices, modern

When patients undergo surgery, they expect good results. When bad results occur, they may sue the physician, the hospital, and the medical device manufacturer. Modern surgery involves medical devices such as electrosurgery, anesthesia machines, and lai e imaging devices. Problems associated with such devices have resulted in serious burns, loss of limbs, and death. Because the bioengineer maybe an expert on one of these medical devices, he or she may become an expert witness in one of these cases and offer an expert opinion on the cause of the problem. 

Robotics is an interdisciplinary scientific field concerned with the design, development, operation, and assessment of electromechanical devices used to perform tasks that would otherwise require human action. Robotics applications can be found in almost every arena of modern life. Robots, for example, are widely used in industrial assembly lines to perform repetitive tasks. They have also been developed to help physicians perform difficult surgeries and are essential to the operation of many advanced military vehicles. Among the most promising robot technologies are those that draw on biological models to solve problems, such as robots whose limbs and joints are designed to mimic those of insects and other animals. 

The use of adhesives in medicine and dentistry is often critical and functional and with little visibility to patients. Infant immunization, flu shots, restorative dental fillings, blood transfusions, heart bypass surgery, urological surgery, anesthetic administration, intravenous drug delivery, and numerous other medical procedures would not be possible today if not for advanced adhesives. Modern adhesives are used to assemble thousands of medical devices around the world, or they are used in direct physiological interactive modes [8]. 

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