Orthopedic surgery implants

The HAp-agarose hybrid nanomaterial prepared by the electrophoresis approach was also tested for orthopedic surgery implantation in rabbit bone. Figure 6.11 shows... 

Periti P, Stringa G, Mini E. Comparative multicenter trial of teicoplanin versus cefazolin for antimicrobial prophylaxis in prosthetic joint implant surgery. Italian Study Group for Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Orthopedic Surgery. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1999 18(2) 113-19. 

The implants used in stomatology and modern orthopedic surgery are manufactured from three different alloy systems, each presenting main characteristic components ... 

Filler in bony defects in dental and orthopedic surgery Particles Plasma sprayed coatings on metal implants Particles... 

DiGioia, A. M., et al., HipNav Pre-operative Planning and Intra-operative Navigational Guidance for Acetabular Implant Placement in Total Hip Replacement Surgery, Computer Assisted Orthopedic Surgery, 1996. 

Medical implants used in orthopedic surgery and heart valves are made of titanium and stainless steel alloys, primarily because they are biocompatible and help the patient to lead a normal life. Unfortunately, in some cases these metal alloys may... 

S0balle, K., Hansen, E.S., Rasmussen, H.B. et al. (1993) The effect of osteoporosis, bone deficiency, bone grafting, and micromotion on fixation of porous coated vs. hydroxyapatite-coated implants. In Hydroxyapatite Coatings in Orthopedic Surgery, Geesink, R.G.T. and Manley, M.T. (eds). New York, Raven Press, pp. 107-136. 

The successful tests of BIOVERIT I and II allowed the glass-ceramics to be applied as biomaterials for bone substitution in human medicine. More than 850 implants have been successfully applied (up to 1992) in orthopedic surgery, especially different types of spacers (Schubert et al., 1988) and in head and neck surgery, especially middle ear implants (Fig. 4-27) (Beleites and Rechenbach, 1992). 

Ambrose, C.C., Clanton, T.O. Bioabsorbable implants review of clinical experience in orthopedic surgery. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 32,171-177 (2004)... 

Titanium is used in medicine mainly for its mechanical benefits in surgical and dental materials in a host of orthopedic and orthodontic appliances, with or without other metals (for example nickel, cobalt, chromium), and generally without serious adverse effects. Titanium and its alloys are in use as implants in bone surgery (1,2) and in dental materials (3,4). Research on the biocompatibility of metal and tissue continues (5). 

Implants in plastic surgery and orthopedics blood bags and pacemakers... 

Other biomedical applications of polymers include sustained and controlled drug delivery formulations for implantation, transdermal and trans-cornealuses, intrauterine devices, etc. (6, 7). Major developments have been reported recently on the use of biomaterials for skin replacement (8), reconstruction of vocal cords (9), ophthalmic applications such as therapeutic contact lenses, artificial corneas, intraocular lenses, and vitreous implants (10), craniofacial, maxillofacial, and related replacements in reconstructive surgery (I), and neurostimulating and other electrical-stimulating electrodes (I). Orthopedic applications include artificial tendons (II), prostheses, long bone repair, and articular cartilage replacement (I). Finally, dental materials and implants (12,13) are also often considered as biomaterials. 

Another source of chronic iatrogenic exposure to metals may be medical implants, which are widely used for dental restorations and prosthetics as well as for orthopedic, restorative, and replacement surgery (see Part II, Chapter 5). 

MAJOR USES Used in the production of titanium metal, titanium pigments, iridescent glass, artificial pearls and smoke screens implant material in orthopedics, oral surgery and neurosurgery laboratory reagent. 

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