Molecular surgery

Alternatively, fullerenes can be opened through so-called molecular surgery... 

R210 M. Murata, Y. Murata and K. Komatsu, Molecular Surgery toward Organic Synthesis of Endohedral FuUerenes , in Chemistry of Nanocarbons, eds. T. Akasaka, F. Wudl and S. Nagase, John WUey Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK, 2010, p. 215. 

If the orifice of an open-cage fullerene encapsulating a guest species can be completely closed while retaining the guest inside, the molecular surgery approach toward the synthesis of endohedral fullerenes is actualized. In 2005, Komatsu and co-workers reported such closure of the orifice of H2 56 by a four-step sequence of... 

A parallel approach for subwavelength molecular surgery using gene-spedfic positioned metal nanopartide as laser light antennas. Nano Letters, 7, 247-53. 

Komatsu and coworkers developed a new process for the insertion of small molecules into fullerenes [146], In this process, referred to as molecular surgery", the fullerene is opened, a small molecule is inserted and the fiiUerene is reclosed. Using this procedure, they were able to synthesize Cgo with a single molecule of H2 trapped inside (H2 Cgo in the parlance of fiiUerene chemistry). 

Modem cancer therapy has been primarily dependent upon surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy (72) (see Chemotherapeutics,anticancer Hormones Radiopharmaceuticals). Chemotherapeutic agents maybe able to retard the rate of growth, but are unable to eradicate the entire population of neoplastic cells without significant destmction of normal host tissue. This serious side effect limits general use. More recentiy, the immunotherapeutic approach to cancer has involved modification and exploitation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms in host defense, regulation of tissue proliferation, tissue differentiation, and tissue survival. The results have been more than encouraging. 

The IV solutions of plasma expanders include hetastarch (Hespan), low-molecular-weight dextran (Dextran 40), and high-molecular-weight dextran (Dextran 70, Dextran 75). Plasma expanders are used to expand plasma volume when shock is caused by bums, hemorrhage surgery, and otiier trauma and for prophylaxis of venous thrombosis and diromboembolism. When used in die treatment of shock, plasma expanders are not a substitute for whole blood or plasma, but tiiey are of value as emergency measures until die latter substances can be used. 

C1. Cabin, D. E and Buchman, T. G., Molecular biology of circulatory shock. Part HI. Human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells demonstrate two patterns of shock-induced gene expression that are independent, exclusive, and prioritized. Surgery 108,902-912 (1990). 

ISO 5834-1 1998 Implants for surgery - Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene - Part 1 Powder form... 

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Children s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA... 

Based on these presumptions, during the past decade we have tested in two prospective Phase I-II clinical trials the role of concurrent chemo-RT as the primary therapy in LABC. In both trials pretreatment biopsies of the tumor were included in the study design to explore correlations between original molecular markers and the extent of pathological response achieved at surgery, after chemo-RT. 

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