After effect

Ethylene when deeply inhaled produces temporary anaesthesia which is almost devoid of unpleasant after-effects hence it has been used for dental surgery, minor operations, etc. 

Incapacitants are most suitable for consideration in limited warfare situations, eg, when enemy troops are intermingled with a friendly population, or in a city that is a key military objective. The purpose is to capture the enemy without killing the civiUans. Incapacitating agents should produce no permanent after-effects and allow for complete recovery. 

Spat-wirkung, /. tardy action after-effect. 

The mixture is boiled for one hour, diluted with water and, after cooling, is treated twice with ether in order to eliminate the remaining neutral fractions. The aqueous layer is precipitated by means of 15 cc of acetic acid. 2.1 g of raw acid are obtained. After effecting two Crystallizations in 10 parts of acetic acid mixed with 3 parts of water, fine needles are obtained which are grouped in rosettes and melt at 131.5° to 132.5°C. 

Figure 11 Influence of after-effect on acrylamide-acrylate copolymerization.

Dantrolene should be repeated after 5—8 hr. Bicarbonate, procaine amide, and other drugs should be repeated as needed. Treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation is symptomatic. Early diagnosis and treatment ofMH is essential. After effective treatment, the patient should be watched closely in the intensive care unit for recurrence of MH, myoglobinuric renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, muscle weakness, and electrolyte imbalance. 

The desired effects may be pleasurable or the drug may simply be used to escape from the world — here the sought-after effect is oblivion. 

Large or quickly repeating doses over a period of hours can led to extreme anxiety, paranoia and even hallucinations. These effects usually disappear as the drug is eliminated from the body. The after-effects of cocaine and crack use may include fatigue and depression as people come down from the high. Excessive doses can cause death from respiratory or heart failure but this is rare. 

Laser illumination, which allows for significantly fiigher photon flux, has become widespread lately. An undesirable side effect of high intensities is heating of the solution layer next to the electrode. This effect can be reduced when intermittent (pulsed) fight is used. Light pulses offer the additional possibility to examine after effects of the illumination the relaxation processes that occur when the system returns to its original condition. 

The emission spectmm of Co, as recorded with an ideal detector with energy-independent efficiency and constant resolution (line width), is shown in Fig. 3.6b. In addition to the expected three y-lines of Fe at 14.4, 122, and 136 keV, there is also a strong X-ray line at 6.4 keV. This is due to an after-effect of K-capture, arising from electron-hole recombination in the K-shell of the atom. The spontaneous transition of an L-electron filling up the hole in the K-shell yields Fe-X X-radiation. However, in a practical Mossbauer experiment, this and other soft X-rays rarely reach the y-detector because of the strong mass absorption in the Mossbauer sample. On the other hand, the sample itself may also emit substantial X-ray fluorescence (XRF) radiation, resulting from photo absorption of y-rays (not shown here). Another X-ray line is expected to appear in the y-spectrum due to XRF of the carrier material of the source. For rhodium metal, which is commonly used as the source matrix for Co, the corresponding line is found at 22 keV. 

After effects of nuclear transformations in solids Biological systems Minerals... 

The nuclear decay of radioactive atoms embedded in a host is known to lead to various chemical and physical after effects such as redox processes, bond rupture, and the formation of metastable states [46], A very successful way of investigating such after effects in solid material exploits the Mossbauer effect and has been termed Mossbauer Emission Spectroscopy (MES) or Mossbauer source experiments [47, 48]. For instance, the electron capture (EC) decay of Co to Fe, denoted Co(EC) Fe, in cobalt- or iron-containing compormds has been widely explored. In such MES experiments, the compormd tmder study is usually labeled with Co and then used as the Mossbauer source versus a single-line absorber material such as K4[Fe(CN)6]. The recorded spectrum yields information on the chemical state of the nucleogenic Fe at ca. 10 s, which is approximately the lifetime of the 14.4 keV metastable nuclear state of Fe after nuclear decay. 

The photochemical after-effect, considering that after light is switched off, the light oxidation continues for some time (time of chain growth), also indicates the chain nature of the process. This after-effect was observed in the photochemical oxidation of... 

Photoinitiation can be switched on and off extremely rapidly. For example, the time of laser flash can be as short as 1 psec (10-12 s) and shorter. The practical absence of time inertia of photoinitiation lies in the timescales of the experimental techniques for studying fast free radical reactions (flash photolysis, rotating sector technique, photo after-effect [109]). 

The rate of polymerization in the dark, i.e., when the initiation is stopped, was used to uncouple the kinetic constants for termination and propagation. By performing these after-effect experiments (13-15) at various stages in the reaction, the kinetic constants for bimolecular carbon-carbon termination and propagation were characterized as a function of conversion. 

If R is known, it is possible to fit the parameters k, ktCC0, A, At, fcp and fct using kinetic data from a single experiment. Thus, if the reaction diffusion parameter is known from the unsteady state after-effect experiments, the kinetic constant evolution can be determined as a function of free volume, and thus conversion. More details about this method will be published elsewhere (18). 

Sokolov, V.E., D.A. Krivolutzky, I.N. Ryabov, A.E. Taskaev, and V.A. Shevchenko. 1990. Bioindication of biological after-effects of the Chernobyl atomic power station accident in 1986-1987. Biol. Inter. 18 6-11. 

If sinus rhythm is to be restored, anticoagulation should be initiated prior to cardioversion because return of atrial contraction increases risk of thromboembolism. Patients with AF for longer than 48 hours or an unknown duration should receive warfarin (target international normalized ratio [INR] 2 to 3) for at least 3 weeks prior to cardioversion and continuing for at least 4 weeks after effective cardioversion and return of normal sinus rhythm. Patients with AF less than 48 hours in duration do not require warfarin, but it is recommended that these patients receive either IV unfractionated heparin or a low-molecular-weight heparin (subcutaneously at treatment doses) at presentation prior to cardioversion. 

The effect of zearalenone on crop development may be connected to its influence on the status and functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus (Koscielniak et al. 2008). The after-effects of zearalenone on the growth of soybean and wheat plants, net photosynthesis and transpiration rates, stomatal conductance, photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2 and on final seeds yield were determined. Modifications in leaf area were more pronounced in soybean than in wheat, and this tendency increases in successive developmental phases. The net photosynthesis was stimulated during the juvenile phase and during that of the final one by about 13.6% (average) in soybean plants. Stimulation of transpiration was also observed after... 

In the aqueous-alcoholic distillate having a volume of about 200 c.c. about 70 c.c. or 56 g. of alcohol will be found. The yield of alcohol approaches the theoretical value and should amount to about 20 per cent more than would be calculated from the maltose determination just carried out, since the latter does not, of course, take into account the additional sugar produced during the fermentation by diastatic after effect . 

Volunteers were frequently willing to participate in a second or even a third study, usually involving different chemical agents. We always required at least one drug-free week between tests - usually more. This gave us time to watch for possible after effects. Finally, at the end of his two-month assignment, each volunteer received a repeat physical exam and comprehensive battery of lab tests to assure his full recovery. 

The Army didn t act to shield itself from further criticism until the mid-1970s, when Congress began to feel increasing pressure from critics. Only then, did its members request a systematic search for possible after effects in former LSD volunteers. Lieutenant Colonel David A. McFarling, MD, a psychiatrist assigned to the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) in DC, accepted the task. He designed a comprehensive follow-up study of all volunteers who had received LSD under Chemical Corps auspices. In October 1980, the US Army Medical Department, US Army Health Services Command, published his report. 

We decided there was no crisis and simply stayed by her crib until the BZ wore off. By Monday, she had almost fully recovered. The Commander thanked us and we flew back to Edgewood. His daughter reported no after effects. 

True, we could not state with absolute certainty diat no one would ever suffer after effects, possibly delayed by decades. Drugs, however, rarely (if ever) produce undesirable effects months or years after their use. Even if this should occur by some obscure mechanism, ultimately we needed to weigh the risk against the possible benefits of the study. What benefits one might ask. What is the advantage of knowing how much of a synthetic compound is required to produce this or that effect, when the only real interest comes from the military community ... 

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