Subject surgery

As the surgical techniques advance, the average age of the patient subjected to total joint replacement is decreasing and therefore the life expectancy of the implant is increasing. This obviously places more emphasis on the fatigue and corrosion resistant properties of the materials which are used in orthopaedic surgery. 

The first two selective COX-2 inhibitors to be marketed and subjected to in depth clinical trials were celecoxib and rofecoxib. Both compounds are as effective as standard NSAIDs in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and for pain following orthopaedic or dental surgery. Gastrointestinal side effects were far fewer than with comparator diugs and in fact were no... 

Tapeworm infections (T. saginata and T. solium) are treated with praziquantel 5 to 10 mg/kg as a single dose (use the same dose for adults and pediatric patients).3 The treatment for cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis may include surgery, anticonvulsants (neurocysticercosis can cause seizures), and anthelmintic therapy. The anthelmintic therapy of choice is albendazole 400 mg twice daily for 8 to 30 days. The pediatric dose of albendazole is 15 mg/kg (maximum 800 mg) in two divided doses for 8 to 30 days. The doses for both adults and pediatric subjects can be repeated if necessary. Praziquantel is an alternative therapy.3... 

The product displays a mean serum half-life of 18.8 h in humans. It has been evaluated in four clinical trials involving a total of 128 subjects and in the context of both spontaneous bleeding and surgery. Some 88 per cent of the total infusions administered for bleeding were rated as providing a good or excellent response. Reported side effects, although uncommon, included hypersensitivity, as well as headache, fever and nausea. BeneFix is marketed by Wyeth. 

This compound (also known as Sernyl, Phencyclidine, angel dust and 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl) piperidine) has been used as an animal tranquilizer and as a general anesthetic for human surgery. Clinical tests have shown that it has a strong tendency to produce bummers, even in people who dig other psychedelics, but under appropriate conditions some subjects like it. It produces no visual effects, a tendency to fear and anxiety, and could not easily be confused with any other psychedelics. The trip is short (about two hours) at least with low doses (about 10 mg). PCP is probably a waste of time. 

A combination of neomycin and nonabsorbable erythromycin base given orally prior to colorectal surgery can markedly reduce the incidence of postoperative wound infection. Orally administered neomycin is sometimes used to suppress the facultative flora of the gut in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. It is unclear how this improves coma, but one theory is that it reduces systemic absorption of the bacterial metabo-htes that allegedly cause hepatic encephalopathy. Although more than 95% of an oral dose of neomycin is excreted unchanged in the stool of normal subjects, the bioavaUabUity of neomycin may be much higher in patients with an abnormal gastrointestinal mucosa. 

The most extreme manifestation of untreated hypothyroidism is myxedema coma, which even if detected early and appropriately treated, carries a mortality rate of 30 to 60%. Myxedema coma is a misnomer. Most patients exhibit neither the myxedema nor coma. Patients with myxedema coma usually have longstanding hypothyroidism with the classic symptoms of hypothyroidism. Decompensation into myxedema coma may occur when the homeostatic mechanisms of the severely hypothyroid patient are subject to a stressful precipitating event (e.g., infection, trauma, some medications, stroke, surgery). The principal manifestation of myxedema coma is a deterioration of mental status (apathy, confusion, psychosis, but rarely coma). Other common clinical features include hypothermia, diastolic hypertension (early), hypotension (late), hypoventilation, hypoglycemia, and hyponatremia. If myxedema coma is suspected, the patient is usually admitted to an intensive care unit for pulmonary and cardiovascular support... 

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