Inflammation following surgery

Fig. 9.6 Histology of 220-CNTs and 825-CNTs implanted in the subcutaneous tissue. 1 week Clusters of both of 220-CNTs and 825-CNTs were surrounded by granulation tissue, (a) Many of the 220-CNTs were enveloped by macrophages (arrows), (b) Some of the 825-CNTs were observed in the intercellular space (arrows), while others were observed in macrophages (white arrows), 4 weeks (c) Most of the 220-CNTs were observed in macrophages (arrows) and fibroblasts (white arrows), (d) There was a negligible difference in the degree of inflammation around 825-CNTs 4 weeks following surgery, compared to 1 week. All scale bars are 10mm (Gong et ah, 2000. With permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry)...

Ocular surgery For treatment of postoperative inflammation following ocular surgery. 

Rimexolone is a corticosteroid that suppresses inflammatory response to stimuli of a mechanical, chemical, or immunological origin. It is indicated in the treatment of postoperative inflammation following ocular surgery and in the treatment of anterior uveitis. 

Also used in posttraumatic and postoperative pain, inflammation and swelling e.g. following dental or orthopaedic surgery, painful and/or inflammatory conditions in gynaecology e.g. primary dysmenorrhoea or adnexitis, in severe painful inflammatory infections of the ear, nose or throat e.g. pharyngotonsillitis, otitis etc. 

The treatment of ocular inflammations due to allergy, following eye surgery or other causes, also respond well to topical (ocular) therapy, thereby avoiding much of the systemic toxicity. It is interesting that the lower-potency hydrocortisone (acetate) suspension is less likely to precipitate glaucoma symptoms than the more potent dexa- and betamethasone, which tend to raise intraocular pressure. 

Diclofenac decreases inflammation, pain, and fever, probably through inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity and prostaglandin synthesis. It is indicated in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthritis. Potassium salt is approved for management of mild to moderate pain and primary dysmenorrhea when prompt pain relief is needed. Ophthalmic used for treatment of postoperative inflammation after cataract removal temporary relief of pain and photophobia following corneal refractive surgery. Topical used for treatment of actinic keratosis. 

The results for treated blood vessels showed that after 4 weeks, the BASYC -prosthesis was wrapped up with connective tissue, pervaded with small vessels like vasa vasorum. The BASYC -interposition was completely incorporated in the body without any rejection reaction. Results from micronerve surgery (white rat sciatic nerve) showed similar results. From 4 to 26 weeks following the intervention, the bacterial cellulose tube was covered with connective tissue and contained small vessels. No inflammation reaction or capsulation of the implant was observed. The regeneration nerve was improved after 10 weeks, compared to an uncovered anastomosed nerve. 

Fig. 17.15a,b. Right-sided diverticulitis. Trans-axial CT scans at the level of the pelvic crest at the initial presentation (a) and after 3 weeks (b). In a 33-year-old woman who presented with acute right quadrant pain and laboratory signs of inflammation, a diffuse inflammatory process (arrow) in the pericecal region is demonstrated. It was diagnosed as acute retrocecal appendicitis (a). At surgery, there was no evidence of inflammatory changes of the appendix. The follow-up 3 weeks later demonstrated complete resolution of the inflammatory reaction and revealed several diverticula (arrow) of the cecum (b)... 

Numaga J, Yata K, Miyake S, Saito 1, Yabe N, Hayashi K, et al. [Phase 111 open-label study of nepafenac ophthalmic suspension 0.1% for inflammation and ocular pain following ophthalmic surgery]. Nihon GankaGakkai Zasshi February 2012 116(2) 86-94. Japanese. PubMed PMID 22509696. 

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