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Other aspects

Other aspects concerning the preparation, distribution and use of radiopharmaceuticals are also subject to pharmaceutical regulations, such as pricing, labeling, and advertising, etc. [Pg.159]

Despite strict legislation, frequently observed deviations do exist, such as delivery of radiopharmaceuticals to nonauthorized persons, application of nonapproved radiophar-maceuticals, application of radiopharmaceuticals for nonapproved clinical indications or using higher doses than authorized, and labeling of kits under different conditions than recommended by the manufacturer, etc. [Pg.160]

The hydrothermolysis (27.5 MPa, 290 - 400 C) of D-fructose furnished 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, furfural, and l,2,4-benzenetriol. The epimeric compounds S3, separable by h.p.l.c., have been isolated in high yields from the reaction of D-glucose with guanosine under physiological conditions. An analysis of the aroma compounds produced on exposure of riramnose to cysteine under roasting conditions (2(X) - 220 C) revealed the presence of ca. 180 compounds, mosdy derivatives of furan, pyrrole, artd thiophene, 125 of which have been identified.  [Pg.11]

Hagiwara and H. liduka, Kenkyu Hokcku-Asahi Garasu Zaidan, 1992,60,295 Chem. Abstr., 1993, 119,271 508). [Pg.12]

Lopez-Sastre, J.F. Rodiigiiez Amo, J.M. Baflez Sanz, J. Molina Molina. M.C. Romero Avila, A. Sanz Tejedor and D. Galisieo Gonzales, J. Carbohydr. Chem., 1993,12,291. [Pg.12]

Hecquet, J. Bolte and C. Demuynck, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 1993.57,2174. [Pg.12]

There are some other aspects of financial appraisal that need consideration. [Pg.299]

The 3 to 6-fold increase in free D-galactose, but not other sugars or myo-inositol, in ripening tomato fruit has been-confirmed capillary g.l.c. of the aldononitrile acetate derivatives. [Pg.11]

A study of the acid-catalyzed reversion of the aldopentoses has identified 17 pentosyl-pentoses in the product mixture using g.l.c., [Pg.11]

Similar acid-catalyzed oligomerization of methyl e -D-glucopyranoside lead to the methyl glycosides of isomaltose, gentiobiose, cellobiose, [Pg.11]

Goto and T.Sakai, Yuki Gosei Kagaku Kyokaishi, 1983, 588 [Pg.12]

Harada, N.Takeda, M.Suzuki, Y.Shigemasa, and R.Nakashima, Nippon Kagaku Kaishi. 1982, 1617 (Chem. Abstr.. 1983, %, 54 304). [Pg.12]

Not included in the previous survey are the efforts that have been made to relate polarizabilities to other properties. This would have been close to Pauling s heart since he was always, as a chemist, after trends and relationships. To make amends, the reader is referred to recent publications on connections to atomic ionization potentials[101], atomic softness[102], bond dissociation energies[103], and electronegativities[104]. [Pg.143]

Takamine, N. Kokubu, Memoirs of the College of Science (Kyoto Imperial University), 3, 271 (1919). [Pg.144]

Pauling, E. Bright Wilson, Jr., Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (with applications to chemistry) (McGraw Hill, N.Y., 1935). [Pg.144]

Bogaard, B.J. Orr., International Review of Science, Physical Chemistry, Molecular Structure, and Properties, edited by A.D. Buckingham (Butterworths, London, 1975), Ser. 2, Vol. 2, p. 149. [Pg.144]

Jaszunski, P. Jprgensen, A. Rizzo, Theor. Chim. Acta, 90, 291 (1995). [Pg.145]

The pattern of annular flow tends to form at higher gas velocities the substantial amount of work done on this topic is reviewed by [Pg.114]

TABLE 6.8. Two-Phase Flow Correlations of Pressure Drop [Pg.115]

Whalley, cited by G.F. Hewitt, 1982). 2. [Lockhart and Martinelli, Chem. Eng. Prog. 45, 39-48 (1949) Chisholm, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 10, 1767-1778 (1967)]. 3. [Chisholm, Irtt. J. Heat Mass Transfer 16, 347-348 (1973) Baroczy, Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser. 62, 217-225 (1965)]. 4. (Friedel, European Two Phase Flow Group Meeting, Ispra, Italy, Paper E2, 1979, cited by G.F. Hewitt. 1982). [Pg.115]

Pressure Drop and Void Fraction in Liquid-Gas Flow [Pg.116]

A mixture of an oil and hydrogen at SOOpsia and 200°F enters a 3 in. Schedule 40 steel line. Data are  [Pg.116]

A variety of results in FC for heterogeneous systems have recently been reported. Some of these are briefly discussed next. [Pg.149]

As mentioned previously, the gas-solid CS process can be conducted with forced infiltration of the reactant gas through the porous medium. In this case, two combustion modes can be realized, depending on the parameter (Aldushin and [Pg.149]

In the case of a relatively low forced gas flux (ir 1), a normal wave structure is observed that is, the cold reactants are ahead of the combustion front, while the hot products are behind. However, a so-called superadiabatic condition is achieved, where the temperature in the front exceeds the adiabatic combustion [Pg.149]

In the case of strong forced gas flux (ir 1), the so-called inverse wave structure of FC occurs (Fig. 31b). The unreacted solids in zone I are heated by a gas flux to a high combustion temperature T T, but reaction does not occur since there is no reactant gas present. In some cases (e.g., Si-N2, B-N systems), dissociation of the product occurs in the combustion front, limiting final conversion. Decreasing combustion temperature by strong gas flow alleviates this problem (Aldushin, 1993). [Pg.150]

Combustion wave structure in the case of forced gas filtration (a) low gas flux (x 1) (b) high gas flux (x 1) (Adapted from Aldushin, 1993). [Pg.150]

Heat Mass Transfer 16, 347-348 (1973) Baroczy, Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser. 62, 217-225 (1965)]. 4. (Friedei, European Two Phase Fiow Group Meeting, ispra, itaiy. Paper E2, 1979, cited by G.F. Hewitt, 1982). [Pg.115]

The pressure drop in 100 ft of line will be found, and also the voidage at the inlet condition. [Pg.116]

Semiconductor nanocrystals are being used as fluorescent biological labels. It is likely that sensors based on nanotechnology will revolutionize health care, climate control and detection of toxic substances. It is quite possible that we will have nanochips to carry out complete chemical analysis. Such nano-total analysis systems will have to employ new approaches to valves, pipes, pumps, separations and detection. [Pg.11]

D-ribose in the presence of propylamine, sugar degradation products are attached to the amino group of the guanosine residue to form compounds such as 49, several of which have been isolated in pure form/  [Pg.11]

The colour reaction of hexoses with substitited phenols in hot 75% sulfuric acid have been studied.  [Pg.11]

D-glycero-D-ido-2-Octulose (50), which constitutes 90% of the carbohydrate content of the fully hydrated leaves of the plant Craterastigma plantagineum. has been fully characterized by NMR analysis.  [Pg.11]

Pure Appl. Chem., 1995,67,1609 Chem. Abstr.. 1996,124, 87 494). [Pg.11]

Gonzalez, S. Rodriguez and J. Murga, Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1996,1801. [Pg.11]

The relative proportions of the acyclic aldehydic forms of eight hexoses, four pentoses and three deoxyaldoses has been estimated from the rate constants for their reactions with urazole. The absolute values were obtained by correlation with literature NMR measurements.  [Pg.11]

Infinite-dilution apparent molar volumes for monosaccharides (D-xylose, D-arabinose, D-glucose and D-galactose) in aqueous NaCl and those for NaCl in aqueous saccharide solutions and related volumetric properties of sugar/NaCl/water systems have been determined and the results have been evaluated in terms of structural interaction and stereochemistry.  [Pg.11]

When monosaccharides (Glc, Gal, Man, GlcNAc) were doped with the corresponding alkyl glycosides, glasses were obtained that were able to solubilize [Pg.11]

Arroyo-Gomez, J.F. Rodriguez-Amo, M. Santos-Garcia and M.A. Sanz-Teje-dor, Tetrahedron Asymm., 2000,11,789. [Pg.12]

Gerard, R. Plantier-Royon, J.-M. Nuzillard and C. Portella, Tetrahedron Lett., 2000,41, 9791. [Pg.12]

Anomers of D-glucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, maltose, [Pg.14]

Irradiation of D-glucose or lactose with ultrasound produced malonaldehyde which can polymerize if the conditions are neutral or acidic. The process may be important in food manufacture where ultrasound is used to produce cavitations. [Pg.14]

Petrusova, M.Fedoronko, and L.Petrus, Chem. Pap. Chem. Zvesti. 1986, [Pg.15]

Jarosz, Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci.. Chem.. 1985, M, 391 (Chem. Abstr.. [Pg.15]

Because the chemical potential is a thermodynamic property of species i, it must have the same value irrespective of the particular convention chosen for a,. It follows that the value of the standard chemical potential h% and consequently the values of he standard Gibbs free energy and equilibrium constant should depend on that choice. As Hi is the value of Hi for unit activity, the state having such activity in the scale chosen is the standard state. There are lUPAC recommendations for most common situations (Cox et al. 1982). Eor the solutes in the solution phase activities af in all cases collected in Table 5.1, the recommended and commonly anployed Henry law convention is used [Pg.126]

it is in principle important to take into account the standard state when computing thermodynamic parameters from ion exchange data, which not always is done. Also, when comparing different standard states, the possible differences in water activity should be taken into account (Evangelou and Phillips 2005). The correction values, however, are usually small and can be neglected in many practical cases (Sposito 1981 Bond 1995). [Pg.126]

Kinetic studies on the Maillaid reaction observed when L-ascorbic acid is incubated with proton indicated interaction of amino groups with threose which is formed from ascoibic acid directly as well as via dehydro-L-ascorbic acid and 2,3-keto-L-gulonic acid.  [Pg.12]

The complexation of a resorcinol-dodecanal cyclotetramer as achiral host with sugars as guest compounds has been reported. Evidence has been presented of a biological radical deoxygenation step in the biosynthesis of ascarylose (3,6-dideoxy-L-aroh /io-hexose). The role of transketolase catalysis in the conversion of D-glucose to aromatic amino acids has been investigated with a view to its application to a commercial process.  [Pg.12]

Morozov, React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 1992,46,71 Chem. Abstr., 1992,117,174 545). [Pg.13]

Tnanaga, Y. Sugimoto, Y. Y(toyama and T. Hanamoto, Tetrahedron Lett., 1992,33.8109. [Pg.13]

Lacourt-Gadras, M. Giignon-Dubois and B. Rezzonico, Carbohydr. Res., 1992,235,281. [Pg.13]

To provide better understanding of the reactions taking place when sugars are heated at 250°C in the presence or absence of H2SO4, the aqueous phase chemistry of glycerol, 2-propanol, 1,4-butanediol, tetrahydrofuran, glyceraldehyde, pyruvaldehyde, and dihydroxyacetone under these conditions has been examined. In a related study, focussed on the formation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfuraldehyde from D-fructose or sucrose in aqueous [Pg.13]

The rate increasing influence of Cu(II) ions on the non-enzymic browning reaction between D-glucose and glycine (Maillard reaction) has been reinvestigated. At pH 3.00, melanoidin is formed which contains considerable amounts of Cu(II). In vitro experiments with model melanoidins and Cu(II) ions indicated that, in general, two protons are released for each ion bound. Melanoidins thus display the properties of acidic forms of anionic polymers.  [Pg.14]

Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1989, 769 [Chertu Abstr., 1990,112, 36 319). [Pg.14]

Sivchlk, DokL Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 1989,308,905 (Chem. Abstr., 1990,112,179 610). [Pg.14]

D-gluco-L-glycero-3-Octulose (34), the first naturally occurring 3-octulose reported, was Identified as the main constituent in aqueous extracts from Laurus nobilis leaves and buds, and evidence has been presented that 1-deoxv-D-threo-pentulose [Pg.12]

A review with 32 references has been published on capto-dative radical stabilisation and its importance in organic synthesis and especially in the radical halogenation of carbohydrates.  [Pg.13]

The cyclic tetramer (35) acting as a lipophilic host solubilises certain sugars fe.g.. fructose) as polar guests in CQ4, whilst other sugars te.g.. glucose) are not accepted at all. The relative affinities of various hexoses with compound (35) have been explained in terms of stereochemistry at C-3 and C-4 and lipophicility of the substituents at C-2 and C-6.  [Pg.13]

Wiorkiewicz-Kuczcra, Zaeadnienia Biofiz. Wspolczesnei. 1987,12,147 fChem. Abstr.. 1989,110. 154 699). [Pg.13]

Hudlicl, H. Luna, J.D. Price, and F. Rulin, Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 4053. [Pg.14]

A new higher sugar named caryophyllose, isolated from the lipopolisaccharide fraction of Pseudomonas caryophyUi has been identified as the branched tetradeoxydodecose 577  [Pg.13]

Alajam, F. Mors-Varas, O. Blanco and E. Garda-Junceda, J. Org. Chem, 995, ,n6a. [Pg.13]

Lemaire, M.L. Valentin, L. Hecquet, C. Demuynck and J. Bolte, Tetrahedrtm Asymm., 1995,6,67. [Pg.13]

Saimoto, S. Yatani, H. Sashiwa and Y. Shigemasa, Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36, 937. [Pg.13]

Kawakami, K. Matsumoto and H. Mashushita, Front. Biomed Biotechnol., 1994,2,73 Chan. Abstr., 1995,122,240 307). [Pg.13]


Covers the body and mind in sickness and in health, including drugs, surgery, history, institutions, medical vocabulary and many other aspects. Highly commendable - Journal of the Institute of Health Education... [Pg.439]

The discussion of surface viscosity and other aspects of surface rheology is deferred to Section IV-3C. [Pg.90]

The application of RBS is mostly limited to materials applications, where concentrations of elements are fairly high. RBS is specifically well suited to the study of thin film stmctures. The NMP is usefiil in studying lateral inliomogeneities in these layers [30] as, for example, in cases where the solid state reaction of elements in the surface layers occur at specific locations on the surfaces. Other aspects, such as lateral diffusion, can also be studied in tluee-dimensions. [Pg.1844]

This section will outline the simplest models for the spectra of both metal and semiconductor nanocrystals. The work described here has illustrated that, in order to achieve quantitative agreement between theory and experiment, a more detailed view of the molecular character of clusters must be incoriDorated. The nature and bonding of the surface, in particular, is often of crucial importance in modelling nanocrystal optical properties. Wlrile this section addresses the linear optical properties of nanocrystals, both nonlinear optical properties and the photophysics of these systems are also of great interest. The reader is referred to the many excellent review articles for more in-depth discussions of these and other aspects of nanocrystal optical properties [147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153 and 1541. [Pg.2908]

It is worth remarking that the development of both types of model, like so many other aspects of the kinetic theory of gases, relies heavily on ideas of Clerk Maxwell. Some of these were rediscovered by later workers, but there is remarkably little that was not anticipated, at least in outline, by Maxwell. [Pg.3]

Recent years have witnessed an increase in the number of people using computational chemistry. Many of these newcomers are part-time theoreticians who work on other aspects of chemistry the rest of the time. This increase has been facilitated by the development of computer software that is increasingly easy to use. It is now so easy to do computational chemistry that calculations can be performed with no knowledge of the underlying principles. As a result, many people do not understand even the most basic concepts involved in a calculation. Their work, as a result, is largely unfocused and often third-rate. [Pg.1]

It is important to verify that the simulation describes the chemical system correctly. Any given property of the system should show a normal (Gaussian) distribution around the average value. If a normal distribution is not obtained, then a systematic error in the calculation is indicated. Comparing computed values to the experimental results will indicate the reasonableness of the force field, number of solvent molecules, and other aspects of the model system. [Pg.62]

The advantages of INDO over CNDO involve situations where the spin state and other aspects of electron spin are particularly important. For example, in the diatomic molecule NH, the last two electrons go into a degenerate p-orbital centered solely on the Nitrogen. Two well-defined spectroscopic states, S" and D, result. Since the p-orbital is strictly one-center, CNDO results in these two states having exactly the same energy. The INDO method correctly makes the triplet state lower in energy in association with the exchange interaction included in INDO. [Pg.279]

There are numerous other aspects of copolymer chemistry that might be taken up which we pass over because of space limitations. These include the following ... [Pg.470]

Other aspects of stabilization of acetal resins are briefly discussed under processing and fabrication. Reference 15 provides a more detailed discussion of the mechanism of polymer degradation. [Pg.57]

Consensus standards are the key to the voluntary standards system because acceptance and use of such standards foUow direcdy from the need for them and from the involvement in their development of all those who share that need. Consensus standards must be produced by a body selected, organized, and conducted in accordance with due process procedures. AH parties or stakeholders are iavolved in the development of the standard and substantial agreement is reached according to the judgment of a properly constituted review board. Other aspects of due process involve proper issuance of notices, record keeping, baHoting, and attention to minority opinion. [Pg.17]

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) United Engineering Center 345 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, under the cognisance of the ASME PoHcy Board, Codes, and Standards, considers the interdependence of design procedures, material selection, fabrication procedures, inspection, and test methods that affect the safety of boilers, pressure vessels, and nuclear-plant components, whose failures could endanger the operators or the pubHc (see Nuclearreactors). It does not cover other aspects of these topics that affect operation, maintenance, or nonha2ardous deterioration. [Pg.26]

User-Related Properties. The most important element in the player s contact with the surface is traction. Shoe traction for light-duty consumer purposes need address only provision of reasonable footing. The frictional characteristics are obviously of much greater importance in surfaces designed for athletic use. For specialized surfaces such as a track, shoe traction is especially critical. With grass-like surfaces, traction is significantly affected by pile density and height, and other aspects of fabric constmction. [Pg.531]

On more severe thionation, a third thiamine ring is formed to give a sulfur black. However, if hydroxyl groups instead of amino groups are attached at positions 2 and 2, no ring closure would take place and the blue dye would be stable to heat. These formulas are general expressions for the nuclear stmctures of the blue-to-black sulfur dyes they do not take into consideration the quinonoid formation of each dye and other aspects. [Pg.165]

Operation and Maintenance. Engineering and constmction firms can be contracted to take charge of treatment-plant operation and maintenance and manage other aspects necessary to meet performance goals, such as hiring and cost controls (7). Costs to the municipalities are reported to be competitive with the more traditional approach of management by municipal employees (8). [Pg.282]

Most methods used for the production of the commercially important a-amino penicillins, such as ampicillin and amoxicillin, are based on modifications of an enamine process employing the appropriate phenylglycine and methylacetoacetate followed by coupling with 6-APA (64). Other aspects of the fermentation, strain maintenance, equipment, inoculum development, media, and procedures used in the production of penicillin are well covered in previous editions of the Enyclopedia. Developments in these areas have been reviewed (65). [Pg.85]

A number of polymeric coatings, primarily polyimides, epoxies, and sHicones, are used as adhesives and ia other aspects of packagiag, as well as for final eacapsulatioa and protection of the iategrated circuit. [Pg.126]

Likewise there are no reports of systematic photochemical studies, but the pyrido[2,3-ii]pyrimidine ring system appears relatively photostable, as photolytic removal of D-ribityl and hydroxyethyl A -substituents was employed in structural confirmation studies (74JCS(P1)1225). Photo adducts of deazafiavins with cyclohexadienes have been studied, however (77ZN(B)434), as have several other aspects of deazafiavin photochemistry. [Pg.215]

The reaction is illustrated by the intramolecular cycloaddition of the nitrilimine (374) with the alkenic double bond separated from the dipole by three methylene units. The nitrilimine (374) was generated photochemically from the corresponding tetrazole (373) and the pyrrolidino[l,2-6]pyrazoline (375) was obtained in high yield 82JOC4256). Applications of a variety of these reactions will be found in Chapter 4.36. Other aspects of intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions leading to complex, fused systems, especially when the 1,3-dipole and the dipolarophile are substituted into a benzene ring in the ortho positions, have been described (76AG(E)123). [Pg.148]

The role of IR spectroscopy in the early penicillin structure studies has been described (B-49MI51103) and the results of more recent work have been summarized (B-72MI51101). The most noteworthy aspect of a penicillin IR spectrum is the stretching frequency of the /3-lactam carbonyl, which comes at approximately 1780 cm" This is in contrast to a linear tertiary amide which absorbs at approximately 1650 cm and a /3-lactam which is not fused to another ring (e.g. benzyldethiopenicillin), which absorbs at approximately 1740 cm (the exact absorption frequency will, of course, depend upon the specific compound and technique of spectrum determination). The /3-lactam carbonyl absorptions of penicillin sulfoxides and sulfones occur at approximately 1805 and 1810 cm respectively. The high absorption frequency of the penicillin /3-lactam carbonyl is interpreted in terms of the increased double bond character of that bond as a consequence of decreased amide resonance, as discussed in the X-ray crystallographic section. Other aspects of the penicillin IR spectrum, e.g. the side chain amide absorptions at approximately 1680 and 1510 cm and the carboxylate absorption at approximately 1610 cm are as expected. [Pg.302]


See other pages where Other aspects is mentioned: [Pg.457]    [Pg.457]    [Pg.33]    [Pg.1165]    [Pg.491]    [Pg.279]    [Pg.357]    [Pg.521]    [Pg.24]    [Pg.93]    [Pg.99]    [Pg.73]    [Pg.99]    [Pg.163]    [Pg.36]    [Pg.282]    [Pg.170]    [Pg.269]    [Pg.81]    [Pg.194]    [Pg.269]    [Pg.228]    [Pg.259]    [Pg.241]    [Pg.22]    [Pg.154]    [Pg.88]    [Pg.88]    [Pg.118]    [Pg.119]    [Pg.218]   


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