Ophthalmic surgery

Ophthalmic surgery has rapidly advanced in the last three decades, particularly with the ability of... 

Polyhexafluoropropylene (structure 19.35) is a recently available suture material used for soft tissue neurological, cardiovascular, vascular, and ophthalmic surgeries. It offers the inertness of PTFE. It is available as a monofilament. 

Surgery In patients receiving cholinesterase inhibitors, administer succinylcholine with extreme caution before and during general anesthesia. Use prior to ophthalmic surgery only as a considered risk because of the possible occurrence of hyphema. Pregnancy Category C. 

Biocompatibility of Highly Fluorinated Liquids Used in Ophthalmic Surgery... 

Figure 19-6 Distribution of area for regional anesthesia blocks. (Adapted from Wilson RR Anesthesia. In Spaeth GL, ed. Ophthalmic surgery principles and practice. Philadelphia Saunders, 1990 81.)...

Dutton JJ. Atlas of ophthalmic surgery, vol. 2. Oculoplastic, lacrimal and orbital surgery. St. Louis Mosby-Year Book, 1992. 

Starr MB, LaJly JM. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for ophthalmic surgery. Surv Ophthalmol 1995 39 494-496. 

The authors added that retinal toxicity of the local anesthetic agent did not affect the visual outcome in this patient. Scleral perforation is a well-known complication of eye blocks for ophthalmic surgery. The incidence with retrobulbar techniques is 0.075% and with peribulbar blocks 0.0002%. When recognized, ocular perforation usually requires a vitreoretinal procedure and is associated with a poor visual outcome. Risk factors include an anxious or oversedated patient, long sharp needles, superior injection, incorrect angle of needle insertion, and myopic eyes. If the intraocular pressure is increased, paracentesis may acutely reduce it, preventing retinal and optic nerve ischemia and possible permanent visual loss. 

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that has been used in acute oliguric renal insufficiency, acute cerebral edema, and the short-term management of glaucoma, especially to reduce intraocular pressure before ophthalmic surgery. Other indications include promotion of the excretion of toxic substances by forced diuresis, bladder irrigation during transurethral resection of the prostate, and oral administration as an osmotic laxative for bowel preparation. Mannitol is used as a diluent and excipient in pharmaceutical formulations and as a bulk sweetener. 

Hunter JM. Anaesthetic drugs and the eye. In Mostafa SM, editor. Anaesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1991 32-44. 

Anticholinergic mydriatics Anticholinergic mydriatics (see chapter 15) dilate the pupils for diagnostic procedures and ophthalmic surgery. Adverse effects are tachycardia, photophobia, dryness of the mouth, edema, conjunctivitis, and dermatitis. 

What medication is used to dilate the pupils for diagnostic procedures and ophthalmic surgery ... 

---