Atomic absorption spectrometry atomizers

Analyte addition method Atomic absorption (spectrometry) Atomic composition mass spectrometry... 

Flame Spectrometry in Environmental Chemical Analysis A Practical Guide is a simple, user-friendly guide to safe flame spectrometric methods for environmental samples. It explains key processes involved in achieving accurate and reliable results in atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic fluorescence spectrometry and flame emission spectrometry, showing the inter-relationship of the three techniques, and their relative importance. 

Human H. G. C., Scott R. H., Oakes A. R. and West C. D. (1976) The use of a spark as a sampling-nebulising device for solid samples in atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic fluorescence and ICP emission spectroscopy, Analyst 101 265-271. 

Dube, P. (1988). Automated direct determination of copper in urine and whole blood by Zeeman-corrected atomic absorption spectrometry. Atomic Spectrosc., 2, 55-58 Fell, G.S., Smith, H., Howie, R.A. (1968). Neutron activation analysis for copper in biological material applied to Wilson s disease, J. Clin. Path., 21, 8-11 Gonsior, B., and Roth, M. (1983) Trace element analysis by particle and photon-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy, Talanta, 385-400 Hartley, T.F. and Ellis, D.J. (1972). Combined electrolysis and atomic absorption for the determination of copper in biological materials, Proc. Soc. Anal. Chem., 2, 281 Herber, R.F.M., Pieters. H.J.. and Elgersma, J.W., (1982). A comparison of inductively coupled argon plasma atomic emission spectrometry and electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry in the determination of copper and zinc in serum, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 313.103-107... 

Pratt, LK. and Elrick, K.A. (1987) Interference effects of selenium on the determination of mercury in natural waters using cold vapor/atomic absorption spectrometry. Atom. Spectrosc., 8, 170-171. 

White. M.A. and Boran, A.M. (1989). Direct determination of nickel in urine by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Atom. Spectrosc. 10,141-143. 

Atomic spectroscopy (including atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic emission spectrometry, and atomic fluorescence spectrometry) is of use across the span of reactive adhesive technologies. For example, the cure of anaerobic adhesives on non-reactive surfaces is usually assisted by the use of an active metal-based primer. Similarly, the cross-linking of silicone adhesives is promoted by the use of organometallic salts of cobalt, tin, iron, lead, and platinum. In the case of polyurethane adhesives, the key condensation reactions are catalyzed by tin salts (e.g., dibutyl tin dilaurate and stannous octoate). 

The earliest methods for tin analysis, namely, gravimetric and titrimetric methods, are now mainly of historical interest. Being essentially macro methods, laborious in application, they are limited and mainly useful for levels of tin in food in the 50-100 ppm range or above. The use of colorimetric analysis is associated with problems of specificity, sensitivity, and stability of the tin complexes formed. Nowadays, methods for tin analysis in biological media include the various atomic spectroscopic techniques (atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic emission spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry) as well as electrochemical and neutron activation procedures. 

Atomic absorption spectrometry Atomic absorption after atomization by flame or electrothermal means Determination of trace metals and some non-metals... 

Atomic Spectrometric Techniques Optical Detection Atomic Emission Spectrometry Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Detection of Elemental Ions Comparisons of the Atomic Spectrometric Techniques... 

Elemental Analysis Atomic absorption spectrometry X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry Plasma emission spectrometry... 

From J. A. Dean and T. C. Rains, Standard Solutions for Flame Spectrometry, in Flame Emission and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, J. A. Dean and T. C. Rains (Eds.), Vol. 2, Chap. 13, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1971. 

Source Compiled from Parson, M. L. Major, S. Forster, A. R. Appl. Spectrosc. 1983,37, 411-418 Weltz, B. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, VCH Deerfield Beach, FL, 1985. 

Trace metals in sea water are preconcentrated either by coprecipitating with Ee(OH)3 and recovering by dissolving the precipitate or by ion exchange. The concentrations of several trace metals are determined by standard additions using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. 

Rocha, E. R. P. Nobrega, J. A. Effects of Solution Physical Properties on Copper and Chromium Signals in Plame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, /. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 982-984. 

L Vov, B. V. Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, AuflZ. Chem. 1991, 63, 924A-931A. 

Stolzberg, R. J. Screening and Sequential Experimentation Simulations and Elame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Experiments, /. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 216-220. 

Highly sensitive iastmmental techniques, such as x-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption spectrometry, and iaductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, have wide appHcation for the analysis of silver ia a multitude of materials. In order to minimize the effects of various matrices ia which silver may exist, samples are treated with perchloric or nitric acid. Direct-aspiration atomic absorption (25) and iaductively coupled plasma (26) have silver detection limits of 10 and 7 l-lg/L, respectively. The use of a graphic furnace ia an atomic absorption spectrograph lowers the silver detection limit to 0.2 l-ig/L. 

Z. Pang, Elowinjection Atomic Absorption Spectrometry,Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1995. 

Numerous methods have been pubUshed for the determination of trace amounts of tellurium (33—42). Instmmental analytical methods (qv) used to determine trace amounts of tellurium include atomic absorption spectrometry, flame, graphite furnace, and hydride generation inductively coupled argon plasma optical emission spectrometry inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry neutron activation analysis and spectrophotometry (see Mass spectrometry Spectroscopy, optical). Other instmmental methods include polarography, potentiometry, emission spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray fluorescence. 

Miscellaneous. Trace analyses have been performed for a variety of other materials. Table 9 Hsts some uses of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (etaas) for determination of trace amounts of elements in a variety of matrices. The appHcations of icp /ms to geological and biological materials include the following (165) ... 

For the deterrnination of trace amounts of bismuth, atomic absorption spectrometry is probably the most sensitive method. A procedure involving the generation of bismuthine by the use of sodium borohydride followed by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry has been described (6). The sensitivity of this method is given as 10 pg/0.0044M, where M is an absorbance unit the precision is 6.7% for 25 pg of bismuth. The low neutron cross section of bismuth virtually rules out any deterrnination of bismuth based on neutron absorption or neutron activation. 

I have carried out widespread studies on the application of a sensitive and selective preconcentration method for the determination of trace a mounts of nickel by atomic absorption spectrometry. The method is based on soi ption of Cu(II) ions on natural Analcime Zeolit column modified with a new Schiff base 5-((4-hexaoxyphenylazo)-N-(n-hexyl-aminophenyl)) Salicylaldimine and then eluted with O.IM EDTA and determination by EAAS. Various parameters such as the effect of pH, flow rate, type and minimum amount of stripping and the effects of various cationic interferences on the recovery of ions were studied in the present work. 

The organic reagents are used extensively for determinations series of elements by different methods of analysis. We carry out the systematical investigation of organic derivatives of hydrazine as a reagent for determinations ion of metals by photometric and extractive-photometric methods or analysis, as well as methods of atomic absorption spectrometry. Series procedure determinations ion of metals in technical and environmental objects have been developed. 

MODERN ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY ACHIEVEMENTS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS... 

Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) stalled its cai eer 50 years ago. During this time fundamentals of the method have been mostly discovered thus transforming AAS to very powerful but relatively simple method of analytical chemistry. Nowadays it is one of the most widespread methods in analytical labs. 

A NEW WAY TO CORRECT A NON-SELECTIVE LIGHT ABSORBANCE IN ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, BASING ON PRELIMINARY REGISTRATION OF MOLECULAR... 

FLOW INJECTION ELECTROCHEMICAL HYDRIDE GENERATION ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY EOR THE DETERMINATION OE ARSENIC... 

INDIRECT DETERMINATION OF ASCORBIC ACID BY ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY... 

In this work, a method based on the reduction potential of ascorbic acid was developed for the sensitive detennination of trace of this compound. In this method ascorbic acid was added on the Cr(VI) solution to reduced that to Cr(III). Cr(III) produced in solution was quantitatively separated from the remainder of Cr(VI). The conditions were optimized for efficient extraction of Cr(III). The extracted Cr(III) was finally mineralized with nitric acid and sensitively analyzed by electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The determinations were carried out on a Varian AA-220 atomic absolution equipped with a GTA-110 graphite atomizer. The results obtained by this method were compared with those obtained by the other reported methods and it was cleared that the proposed method is more precise and able to determine the trace of ascorbic acid. Table shows the results obtained from the determination of ascorbic acid in two real samples by the proposed method and the spectrometric method based on reduction of Fe(III). 

The complex of the following destmctive and nondestmctive analytical methods was used for studying the composition of sponges inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Techniques of sample preparation were developed for each method and their metrological characteristics were defined. Relative standard deviations for all the elements did not exceed 0.25 within detection limit. The accuracy of techniques elaborated was checked with the method of additions and control methods of analysis. 

COMPARISON OF MICROWAVE ASSISTED EXTRACTION METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS IN SOIL SAMPLES BY ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY AFTER PHASE SEPARATION-EXTRACTION... 

Direct atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) analysis of increasing (e 0,10 g) mass of solid samples is the great practical interest since in a number of cases it allows to eliminate a long-time and labor consuming pretreatment dissolution procedure of materials and preconcentration of elements to be determined. Nevertheless at prevalent analytical practice iS iO based materials direct AAS are not practically used. 

B. Welz (translated by C. Skegg), Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, VCH, Weinheim, 1985. ISBN 0895734184. 

Electrothermal vaporization can be used for 5-100 )iL sample solution volumes or for small amounts of some solids. A graphite furnace similar to those used for graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry can be used to vaporize the sample. Other devices including boats, ribbons, rods, and filaments, also can be used. The chosen device is heated in a series of steps to temperatures as high as 3000 K to produce a dry vapor and an aerosol, which are transported into the center of the plasma. A transient signal is produced due to matrix and element-dependent volatilization, so the detection system must be capable of time resolution better than 0.25 s. Concentration detection limits are typically 1-2 orders of magnitude better than those obtained via nebulization. Mass detection limits are typically in the range of tens of pg to ng, with a precision of 10% to 15%. 

Alkaline earth metals and transition metals Elame atomic absorption spectrometry ... 

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