Atomic absorption spectrometry correction

A NEW WAY TO CORRECT A NON-SELECTIVE LIGHT ABSORBANCE IN ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, BASING ON PRELIMINARY REGISTRATION OF MOLECULAR... 

Nowka R, Muller H (1997) Direct analysis of solid samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with a transversely heated graphite atomizer and D2-background correction system (SS GF-AAS). Fresenius J Anal Chem 359 132-137. 

Ellen G, Van Loon JW. 1990. Determination of cadmium and lead in foods by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction Test with certified reference materials. Food Addit Contam 7 265-273. 

Chapters 5 and 6 discuss the application of new techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry with and without graphite furnace and Zeeman background correction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray fluo-... 

Many of the published methods for the determination of metals in seawater are concerned with the determination of a single element. Single-element methods are discussed firstly in Sects. 5.2-5.73. However, much of the published work is concerned not only with the determination of a single element but with the determination of groups of elements (Sect. 5.74). This is particularly so in the case of techniques such as graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, Zeeman background-corrected atomic absorption spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. This also applies to other techniques, such as voltammetry, polarography, neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluroescence spectroscopy, and isotope dilution techniques. 

Lum and Callaghan [140] determined down to 2 ng/1 of cadmium directly in seawater by atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman correction. 

Moffett [179] determined chromium in seawater by Zeeman corrected graphite tube atomisation atomic absorption spectrometry. The chromium is first complexed with a pentan-2,4 dione solution of ammonium 1 pyrrolidine carbodithioc acid, then this complex extracted from the water with a ketonic solvent such as methyl isobutyl ketone, 4-methylpentan-2-one or diisobutyl ketone. 

Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with the L vov platform and Zeeman background correction has been applied to the determination of down to 0.02 xg/l manganese in seawater [452]. 

Zong, Y. Y., Parsons, P. J., and Slavin, W. (1998). Background correction errors for lead in the presence of phosphate with Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta B 53 1031-1039. 

CONTENTS Preface, Joseph Sneddon. Analyte Excitation Mechanisms in the Inductively Coupled Plasma, Kuang-Pang Li and J.D. Winefordner. Laser-Induced Ionization Spectrometry, Robert B. Green and Michael D. Seltzer. Sample Introduction in Atomic Spectroscopy, Joseph Sneddon. Background Correction Techniques in Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, G. Delude. Flow Injection Techniques for Atomic Spectrometry, Julian F. Tyson. 

The following blank-corrected readings were obtained for the determination of nickel in steel, using nickel standards dissolved in iron solution (10 g k ). The determination was performed by atomic absorption spectrometry using an air-acetylene flame and the 232 nm nickel line. 

Figure 21-7 (a) The correct position for injecting sample into a graphite furnace deposits the droplet in a small volume on the floor of the furnace. (to) If injection is too high, the sample splatters and precision is poor. [From P K. Booth,"Improvements in Method Development tor Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry" Am. Lab. February 1995, p. 48X.J... 

Guillard 0, Tiphaneau K, Reiss D, et al. 1984. Improved determination of aluminum in serum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and zeeman background correction. Anal Lett 17 1593-1605. 

Smith, S.B. and G.M. Hieftje. 1983. A new background correction method for atomic absorption spectrometry. Appl. Spectrosc. 37 419 -24. 

Grabinski [12] has described an ion exchange method for the complete separation of the above four arsenic species, on a single column containing both cation and anion exchange resins. Flameless atomic absorption spectrometry with a deuterium arc background correction is used as a detection system for this procedure. This detection system was chosen because of its linear response and lack of specificity for these compounds combined with its resistance to matrix bias in this type of analysis. 

The determination of chromium in most biological samples is difficult because of the matrix interference and the very low concentrations present in these samples. Prior to 1978, numerous erroneous results were reported for the chromium level in urine using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (EAAS) because of the inability of conventional atomic absorption spectrometry systems to correct for... 

Dube P. 1988. Determination of chromium in human urine by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman-effect background correction. Analyst 113 917-921. 

S. R. Koirtyohann, E. E. Pickett, Background correction in long path atomic absorption spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 37 (1965), 601. 

M. Hoenig, P. Van Hoeyweghen, Determination of selenium and arsenic in animal tissues with platform furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and deuterium background correction, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 24 (1986), 193-202. 

W. J. Price, Analytical Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Heyden and Sons, London, 2nd printing (with corrections), 1974, pp. 154—161. 

In some situations, an apparent decrease in the detection limit can occur when the analytical procedure includes a preliminary preconcentration (e.g., by extraction or evaporation of a liquid sample). For example, if direct determination by atomic absorption spectrometry allows detection of 0.1 ng/mL metal in solution, then an increase in concentration after separation/preconcentration in the ratio 1 20 lowers the detection limit for the whole procedure to 0.005 ng/mL. Both values are useful and have real meaning when they are correctly described. 

Early colorimetric methods for arsenic analysis used the reaction of arsine gas with either mercuric bromide captured on filter paper to produce a yellow-brown stain (Gutzeit method) or with silver diethyl dithiocarbamate (SDDC) to produce a red dye. The SDDC method is still widely used in developing countries. The molybdate blue spectrophotometric method that is widely used for phosphate determination can be used for As(V), but the correction for P interference is difficult. Methods based on atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) linked to hydride generation (HG) or a graphite furnace (GF) have become widely used. Other sensitive and specihc arsenic detectors (e.g., AFS, ICP-MS, and ICP-AES) are becoming increasingly available. HG-AES, in particular, is now widely used for routine arsenic determinations because of its sensitivity, reliability, and relatively low capital cost. 

Apparatus. A nonflame atomic absorption spectrometer (Varian-Techtron AA-5, Model 63 Carbon Rod Atomizer) with background correction was used for all of the analyses with the exception of calcium. Calcium was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (Varian-Techtron Model 1000). 

For the analytical determination of metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) in surface sediments, suspended particulate matter and biological matrices, digestion with a 3 1 HNO3-HCIO4 mixture under controlled temperature was used (36). Analysis of sediments and suspended particulate matter were made by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) with air-acetylene flame and deuterium background correction. The analysis of metals in lichens and molluscs were performed by ICP-AES. The operating conditions for FAAS and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis are shown in Tables 6.1 and 6.2, respectively. 

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