Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry

The Zeeman technique, although difficult to establish, has an intrinsic sensitivity perhaps five times greater than that of the graphite furnace technique, e.g., a 1 pg/1 detection limit for lead. 

The stabilised temperature platform furnace eliminates chemical interferences to such an extent that in most cases personnel- and cost-intensive sample preparation steps, such as solvent extractions, as well as the time-consuming method of additions are no longer required. 

The instrumentation for ZAAS is given in Table 11.2 (see also Appendix 1). 

Supplier Model Type Hydride and mercury attachment Autosampler 

Perkin Elmer Zeeman 3030 Integral flame/graphite furnace - Yes 

Single-element light source with no possibility of misalignment. 

Perkin-Elmer Zeeman 3030 Yes (method storage on floppy disk) Integral flame/ graphite furnace - Yes 

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Pauwels J. De Angelis L, Grobecker KH (1991) Solid sampling Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry in production and use of certified reference materials. Pure Appl Chem 63 1199-1204. 

Hofmann C, Vandecasteele C, Pauwels ] (1992) New calibration method for solid sampling Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry (SS-ZAAS) for cadmium. Fresenius J Anal Chem 342 936-940. 

Pauwels J, Hofmann C, Vandbcasteele C (1994) Calibration of solid sampling Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry by extrapolation to zero matrix. Fresenius J Anal Chem 348 418-421. 

SS-ZAAS Solid sampling Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry... 

Recently, Sakai et al. have combined flame Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry (FZAAS) with selective vapourisation of the spaaes from a sample, placed in a crucible which is slowly heated, to investigate the speciation of arsenic compounds in oyster tissue. This method could prove useful if the top temperature reached by the system is high enough to allow the vapourisation of a wider variety of species that may exist in biological samples. Presently, the highest temperature attainable is 400 °C. 

M. T. C. de Loos-Vollebregt, L. de Galan, Theory of Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry, Spectrochim. Acta, 33B (1978), 495. 

Meerum, T.J.M., Tibben, M.M., Welbank, H., Schellens, J.H.M., Beijnen, J.H. Validated method for the determination of platinum from a liposomal source (SPI-77) in human plasma using graphite furnace Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 366, 298-302 (2000)... 

ETA-AAS, Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry FAAS, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry HG-AAS, Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ICP-AES, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ID-MS, Isotopic Dilution Mass Spectrometry NAA, Neutron Activation Analysis Q-ICP-MS, Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry SS-Z-ETA-AAS, Solid Sampling Zeeman Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Z-ETA-AAS, Zeeman Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry... 

Homogeneity control by Solid Sampling Zeeman Atomic Absorption Spectrometry... 

De Loos-Vollebregt M. T. C. and De Galan L. (1985) Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry Prog Anal At Spectrom 8 47-81. 

D Haese PC, Van Landeghem GF, Lamberts LV, et al. 1996. Measurement of strontium in serum, urine, bone, and soft tissues by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry. Clin Chem 43(1) 121-128. 

Huang Z, D Haese PC, Lamberts LV, Van Landeghem GF and De Broe ME (1993) Silicon determination in biologicalfluids by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry. In Anke M, Meissner D, Mills CP, eds. Trace Elements in man and animals - TEMA 8, pp. 98-99. Verlag Mediatou-ristik, Gersdorf... 

Shoukry AE, Issa YM and Earghaly RA (1998) Determination of silicon using electrothermal Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry in presence of some transition metals as modifiers. Fresenius J Anal Chem 360 650—653. 

Fleckenstein, J. (1985) Direct determination of mercury in solid samples by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry (ZAAS) with the graphite furnace. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 322, 704-707. 

Hoenig, M. (1991). Determination of selenium in blood by graphite furnace Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry discussion of critical parameters. Analusis, 19, 41. 

Destructive techniques these are techniques in which the sample is decomposed by a reagent and then the concentration of the element in the aqueous extract determined by a physical technique such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS Section 11.1.1), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS Section 11.1.2), cold vaponr atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS Section 11.1.4), Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry (ZAAS Section 11.1.5), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES Sections 11.1.6 and 11.1.8), visible spectrometry (Section 11.1.13), or polarographic or anodic scanning voltammetric techniques (Section 11.1.14). 

Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry Perkin Elmer Gorporation Varian Instruments... 

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