Flow injection-electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

S. Ch. Nielsen, S. Sturup, H. Spliid and E. H. Hansen, Selective flow injection analysis of ultra-trace amounts of Cr(VI), preconcentration of it by solvent extraction and determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), Talanta, 49(5), 1999, 1027-1044. 

Notes HG-AAS, Aydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry HG-AFS, /tydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry FI-CV-AAS, flow-injection cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry FAAS,flame atomic absorption spectrometry GF-AAS, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and ET-AAS, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. 

Burguera, J.L., M. Burguera, and C.E. Rondon. 1998. Automatic determination of iron in geothermal fluids containing high dissolved sulfur-compounds using flow injection electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with an on-line microwave radiation precipitation-dissolution system. Anal. Chim. Acta 366 295-303. 

X. P. Yan, Y. Li, Y. Jiang, Selective measurement of ultratrace methylmercury in fish by flow injection on-line microcolumn displacement sorption preconcentration and separation coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 75 (2003), 2251-2255. 

Ringmann, S., Boch, K., Marquardt, W., Schuster, M., Schlemmer, G., Kainrath, P. Microwave-assisted digestion of organoarsenic compounds for the determination of total arsenic in aqueous, biological, and sediment samples using flow injection hydride generation electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 452, 207-215 (2002)... 

Limbeck, A., Rudolph, E., Hann, S., Koellensperger, G., Stingeder, G., Rendl, J. Flow injection on-line pre-concentration of platinum coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 19, 1474—1478 (2004)... 

FI. flow injection SI, sequential injection ICP-AES, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry FAAS, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, ETAAS electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, HG-AAS hydrige generation-atomic absorption spectrometry, HG-AFS hydrige generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. 

Pyrolysis can also be used in flow-based determinations with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, as demonstrated in the determination of nickel in environmental and biological reference materials using a sequential injection system with renewable beads [313]. After analyte sorption, the beads were directed towards the furnace of the spectrometer and stopped there pyrolysis was accomplished as usual in order to release the analyte and destroy the beads. This innovation has often been exploited in the lab-on-valve system, but spectrophotometric applications have not been proposed to date. 

J.L. Burguera, M. Burguera, Flow injection-electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry configurations recent developments and trends, Spectrochim. Acta B 56 (2001) 1801. 

B. Godlewska-Zylkiewicz, J. Malejko, B. Lesniewska, A. Kojlo, Assessment of immobilized yeast for the separation and determination of platinum in environmental samples by flow-injection chemiluminescence and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, Microchim. Acta 163 (2008) 327. 

Ivanova E, Benkhedda K and Adams F (1998) Determination of copper, manganese and nickel in biological samples and sea-water by flow injection on-line sorption preconcentration in a knotted reactor coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. J Anal Atom Spectrom 13 527—531. 

Wang, Y., M. L. Chen, and J. H. Wang. 2007 New developments in flow injection/ sequential injection on-line separation and preconcentration coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for trace metal analysis. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 42 103-118. 

Correct design and downscaling of the normal flow injection system allow the incorporation of a variety of analytical techniques for the detection of different chemical species. Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (Wang and Chen, 2008), inductively couple plasma atomic emission spectroscopy or mass spectrometry (Wang and Hansen, 2001), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (Ogata et al., 2002, 2004), and chro-matographic/electrophoretic column separation systems coupled to UV-Vis or mass spec-trometric detection (Wu et al., 2003 Quintana et al., 2006) are among the detection and separation systems that have been coupled with flow injection devices. 

Hansen, E. H. and Wang, J. (2002) Implementation of suitable flow injection/sequential injection-sample separation/preconcentration schemes for determination of trace metal concentrations using detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta, 467,3-12. 

See also Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Interferences and Background Correction Flame Electrothermal Vapor Generation. Atomic Spectrometry Overview. Flow Injection Analysis Principles. 

Atomic spectrometric techniques such as flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), electrothermal AAS (ETAAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and ICP-MS are used for the determination of elements, particularly metals. ICP-MS is the most sensitive, typically with microgram per liter detection limits and multielement capability but it has high start-up and operating costs. UV-visible spectrophotometry is also used for the determination of metal ions and anions such as nitrate and phosphate (usually by selective deriva-tization). It is a low cost and straightforward technique, and portable (handheld) instruments are available for field deployment. Flow injection (FI) provides a highly reproducible means of manipulating solution chemistry in a contamination free environment, and is often used for sample manipulation, e.g., derivatization, dilution, preconcentration and matrix removal, in conjunction with spectrometric detection. Electroanalytical techniques, particularly voltammetry and ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), are... 

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