Atomic absorption spectrometry lithium

Elecfrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry, lithium, 36 54 Electrovalent compounds, high oxidation states of, stability, 5 10-11... 

Benzwi [409] determined lithium in Dead Sea water using atomic absorption spectrometry. The sample was passed through a 0.45 pm filter and lithium was then determined by the method of standard additions. Solutions of lithium in hexanol and 2-ethylhexanol gave greatly enhanced sensitivity. 

Clinical measurements of lithium may be performed using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) or flame emission spectrometry (FES) 64). AAS is regarded as the more reliable of the two techniques for blood lithium. FES is rather more sensitive, but suffers from interference from the high sodium and potassium concentrations in blood. Recent developments include inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry, electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), and spectrofluorimetric methods. Spectrofluorime-try and ETAAS offer greater sensitivity than the traditional methods and are useful research tools 65, 66). 

The concentration of lithium in serum, plasma, urine, or other body fluids has been determined by flame emission photometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, or electro-chemically using an ion-selective electrode. Serum analysis, the most useful specimen for lithium monitoring, is most commonly quantified by automated spectrophotometric assay. 

Indirect detection is possible with all selective detection principles, e.g. with fluorescence detection (if the mobile phase itself is fluorescent) or electrochemical detection (if the mobile phase can act as an electrochemical reaction partner). Even indirect detection with atomic absorption spectrometry has been described, the mobile phase containing lithium or copper and the spectrometer being used with a lithium or copper lamp. ... 

Analytical methods applied to estimate oxygen in alkali metals are the fast neutron activation for lithium oxide in lithium, vacuum distillation of excess alkali metal and analysis of the residue by atomic absorption spectrometry to estimate oxygen in sodium, as well as in the heavier alkali metals. Equilibration of oxygen between getters such as vanadium, liquid alkali metals and solid electrolyte oxygen meters, can be applied in several alkali metals. They measure oxygen activities directly in alkali metal circuits or closed containers. 

A 100 t/h flighted rotary sugar dryer at CSR Sugar Limited s Invicta Sugar Mill, located in North Queensland, was used as a case study to evaluate the proposed model. Approximately 0.5 kg of elemental lithium, as saturated lithium chloride solution, was injected into the sugar inlet end of the rotary dryer over a 40 second time frame, once the dryer had reached (close to) steady state operation. Samples of raw sugar leaving the dryer were taken and later analysed for lithium by atomic absorption spectrometry. 

The commercial ores, beryl and bertrandite, are usually decomposed by fusion using sodium carbonate. The melt is dissolved in a mixture of sulfuric and hydrofluoric acids and the solution is evaporated to strong fumes to drive off siUcon tetrafluoride, diluted, then analy2ed by atomic absorption or plasma emission spectrometry. If sodium or siUcon are also to be determined, the ore may be fused with a mixture of lithium metaborate and lithium tetraborate, and the melt dissolved in nitric and hydrofluoric acids (17). 

Trace element analysis was carried out on the ash by fusing with lithium metaborate, followed by dissolution in 10 % hydrochloric acid. The resulting solution was analysed using atomic emission and absorption spectrometry (AA). The method has been described previously (9). 

The chemical compositions of the ancient Egyptian Blue samples (reported in the following section) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using the hydrofluoric acid digestion method together with the lithium metaborate fusion method for the silica determination (9). Some 20-30 mg of powder drilled from the objects was used for these analyses. Additionally, the arsenic concentrations were determined by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The precision of the analytical data was 1-2% for the major elements (>10% concentration) and deteriorated to 5-20% for the trace elements (<0.1% concentrations). However, due to the inhomogeneity of the material, variations in elemental concentrations (i.e., major, minor, and trace) of 10-15% can be expected within a single object. 

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