Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry GFAAS

Table 5.6 compares the ICP-AES results with data generated for the same sample by two other independent methods - isotope dilution spark source mass spectrometry (IDSSMS), and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The IDSSMS method also uses 25-fold preconcentration of the metals and matrix separation using the ion exchange procedure, following isotope... 

Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) can be used to detect most elements present at levels greater than about 100 pg 1 . For more sensitive determinations graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) is the technique of choice. In addition, if the volume of the fraction is limited GFAAS is ideally suited for the determination because only a few microfitres (5-20 pi) of sample... 

In the test method, the coal or coke to be analyzed is ashed under controlled conditions, digested by a mixture of aqua regia and hydrofluoric acid, and finally dissolved in 1% nitric acid. The concentration of individual trace elements is determined by either inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES) or inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS). Selected elements that occur at concentrations below the detection limits of ICPAES can be analyzed quantitatively by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAA). 

Jiang, H., Y. Qin, and B. Hu. 2008. Dispersive liquid phase microextraction (DLPME) combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) for determination of trace Co and Ni in environmental water and rice samples. Talanta 74 1160-1165. 

Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) or Atomic... 

Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), the most popular form of ET-AAS, is today a common technique widely used in routine laboratories and has become a powerful tool for the analysis of trace and ultratrace elements in clinical and biological samples [61]. The main advantages of this technique are low cost, simplicity, excellent detection power, and the fact that it allows very low sample volumes to be used (5-20 p,L). In this sense, this technique allows LoDs for many elements in the order of 0.01 pgl-1 in solution or 1 pg g-1 in solid samples to be achieved [62]. However, the technique is prone to spectral and matrix interferences. 

Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (ETAAS) e.g. Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV)... 

A number of analytical techniques have been used to determine ppm to ppt levels of vanadium in biological materials. These include neutron activation analysis (NAA), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), spectrophotometry, isotope dilution thermal ionization-mass spectrometry (IDMS), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Table 6-1 summarizes the analytical methods for determining vanadium in biological materials. 

Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) also called graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) for the... 

Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS)... 

Schneider C and Exley C (2001) Silicic acid (Si(OH)4j is a significant influence upon the atomic absorption signal of aluminium measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). J Inorg Biochem 87 45-50. 

Al Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) GFAAS, Ultrafiltration GFAAS Human serum from patients on dialysis Human serum from patients on dialysis Human serum King et al. (1982) Gardiner et al. (1984) Leung et al. (1988)... 

The effect of pH of the sample, eluent flow rate, and the amount of silica on sorption and elution experimental parameters were investigated by a new phase, which was synthesized from a high surface area silica gel with a 3-trimethoxysilyl-l-propanol group. In addition, both batch and column techniques were applied to identify the characteristics of this modified silica and its application to the preconcentration and separation of Co and Ni prior to determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). ""... 

Several methods are available for the determination of total aluminum in biological and other materials. Chemical and physicochemical methods are in most practical situations insensitive and inaccurate X-ray fluorescence is specific but lacks sensitivity neutron activation analysis is complex and subject to interferences, although it is a very sensitive technique. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is not very sensitive but useful to get information on speciation [33]. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) is the most widely used technique and can produce reliable results, provided that the matrix effects are recognized and corrected. Savory and Wills [19] reviewed chemical and physicochemical methods for the determination of aluminum in biological materials, e.g. X-ray fluorescence, neutron activation analysis, atomic emission spectrometry, flame emission, inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, and AAS. 

Considering the requirements of detection limit and contamination-free sample handling, determination of Cd-B and Cd-U with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) is the method of choice. The detection limit of this most widely used Cd-B method is about 0.04 xg/Iiter [49] and about 0.02 xg/liter for Cd-U [57]. This enables the determination of the lowest concentrations reported of 0.1 xg/liter for Cd-B and 0.05 p,g/liter for Cd-U. 

Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) is an excellent method to provide sub-ng/mL minimum detection limits [110]. Continuing advancements such as Zeeman correction, and stabilized temperature platform furnaces, have made GFAAS an effective analytical method for magnesium determination. Depending on the sample matrix, pretreatment can vary from direct analysis of fluids, to wet mineralization, dry ash, acid extraction, and by using PPRs (e.g., Triton X-100). 

As discussed in recent reviews [63-66], graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) are practical, reliable techniques that furnish the requisite sensitivity for measurement of nickel concentrations in biological samples. The most practical analytical technique for the determination of nickel in biological specimen... 

Mixtures of nitric, hydrochloric, and perchloric acid are used for the digestion of blood plasma and various tissues [25]. The addition of this acid mixture to urine enables the determination of platinum with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) without previous decomposition [25]. 

Destructive techniques these are techniques in which the sample is decomposed by a reagent and then the concentration of the element in the aqueous extract determined by a physical technique such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS Section 11.1.1), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS Section 11.1.2), cold vaponr atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS Section 11.1.4), Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry (ZAAS Section 11.1.5), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES Sections 11.1.6 and 11.1.8), visible spectrometry (Section 11.1.13), or polarographic or anodic scanning voltammetric techniques (Section 11.1.14). 

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