Hydride Generation Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Hydride Generation Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry... 

Technique HG = hydride generation AAS = atomic absorption spectrometry GF = graphite furnace AES = atomic emission spectrometry MS = mass spectrometry AFS = atomic fluorescence spectrometry ASV = anodic stripping voltammetry SDDC = sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate. Procedures ISO = Memational Standards Organization ISO/CD = ISO Committee Draft SM = Standard Methods ... 

Aroza I, Bonilla M, Madrid Y, et al. 1989. Combination of hydride generation and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of lead in biological samples. J Anal Atmos Spectra 4 163-166. 

Willie et al. [17] used the hydride generation graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry technique to determine selenium in saline estuary waters and sea waters. A Pyrex cell was used to generate selenium hydride which was carried to a quartz tube and then a preheated furnace operated at 400 °C. Pyrolytic graphite tubes were used. Selenium could be determined down to 20 ng/1. No interference was found due to, iron copper, nickel, or arsenic. 

H. Matusiewicz and M. Mroczkowska, Hydride generation from slurry samples after ultrasonication and ozonation for the direct determination of trace amounts of As (III) and total inorganic arsenic by their in situ trapping followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 18, 2003, 751-761. 

B. Hilligsoe and E. H. Hansen, Application of factorial designs and simplex optimisation in the development of flow injection-hydride generation-graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HG-GFAAS) procedures as demonstrated for the determination of trace levels of germanium, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 358(7-8), 1997, 775-780. 

The recommended procedure for the determination of arsenic and antimony involves the addition of 1 g of potassium iodide and 1 g of ascorbic acid to a sample of 20 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid. This solution should be kept at room temperature for at least five hours before initiation of the programmed MH 5-1 hydride generation system, i.e., before addition of ice-cold 10% sodium borohydride and 5% sodium hydroxide. In the hydride generation technique the evolved metal hydrides are decomposed in a heated quartz cell prior to determination by atomic absorption spectrometry. The hydride method offers improved sensitivity and lower detection limits compared to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. However, the most important advantage of hydride-generating techniques is the prevention of matrix interference, which is usually very important in the 200 nm area. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. Method 1632. Chemical speciation of arsenic in water and tissue by hydride generation quartz furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. 

Cabon, J.Y. and N. Cabon. 2000. Determination of arsenic species in seawater by flow injection hydride generation in situ collection followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Stability of As(III). Anal. Chim. Acta 418 19-31. 

Hambrick III, G.A., P.N. Froelich Jr., M.O. Andreae, et al. 1984. Determination of methylgermanium species in natural waters by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with hydride generation. 

Maintaining the quality of food is a far more complex problem than the quality assurance of non-food products. Analytical methods are an indispensable monitoring tool for controlling levels of substances essential for health and also of toxic substances, including heavy metals. The usual techniques for detecting elements in food are flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS), hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS), cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV AAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP AES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA). 

A selenium speciation study was carried out by Seby etal. (1997) on a seleniferous soil using hydride generation quartz furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-QFAAS) method and after alkaline extraction. The speciation was performed in order to identify and determine inorganic and organic selenium forms. 

The next category of methods are those routinely used but which may have known or unknown analytical biases or systematic errors depending on how well these methods have been studied and how much documentation there is in the literature. Such methods are the newer rapid techniques such as graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. It is probable that with sufficient documentation of accuracy and imprecision that one or both of these methods will be elevated to the status of reference methods. 

Pannier, R, Astruc, A., and Astmc, M. (1994) Extraction and determination of butyltin compounds in shellfish by hydride generation-gas chromatography-quartz furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta, 287, 17-24. 

Numerous methods have been pubUshed for the determination of trace amounts of tellurium (33—42). Instmmental analytical methods (qv) used to determine trace amounts of tellurium include atomic absorption spectrometry, flame, graphite furnace, and hydride generation inductively coupled argon plasma optical emission spectrometry inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry neutron activation analysis and spectrophotometry (see Mass spectrometry Spectroscopy, optical). Other instmmental methods include polarography, potentiometry, emission spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray fluorescence. 

Donard, O.F.X., S. Rapsomanikis, and J.H. Weber. 1986. Speciation of inorganic tin and alkyltin compounds by atomic absorption spectrometry using electrothermal quartz furnace after hydride generation. Anal. Chem. 58 772-777. 

K. Julshamn, O. Ringdal, K. E. Slinning, O. R. Braekkan, Optimisation of determination of selenium in marine samples by atomic absorption spectrometry comparison of a flameless graphite furnace atomic absorption system with a hydride generation atomic absorption system, Spectrochim. Acta, 37B (1982), 473-482. 

Early colorimetric methods for arsenic analysis used the reaction of arsine gas with either mercuric bromide captured on filter paper to produce a yellow-brown stain (Gutzeit method) or with silver diethyl dithiocarbamate (SDDC) to produce a red dye. The SDDC method is still widely used in developing countries. The molybdate blue spectrophotometric method that is widely used for phosphate determination can be used for As(V), but the correction for P interference is difficult. Methods based on atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) linked to hydride generation (HG) or a graphite furnace (GF) have become widely used. Other sensitive and specihc arsenic detectors (e.g., AFS, ICP-MS, and ICP-AES) are becoming increasingly available. HG-AES, in particular, is now widely used for routine arsenic determinations because of its sensitivity, reliability, and relatively low capital cost. 

Atomic absorption spectrometry, belonging to a class of techniques also defined as optical atomic spectrometry, has been for some four decades - and continues to be - one of the most important, dominant determinative techniques. It includes flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) (including graphite furnace AAS (GFAAS), carbon rod AAS, tantalum strip AAS), and gaseous generation (cold vapor AAS for Hg, hydride gener-... 

Other varied AAS applications reports including critical and comparative studies are by Ybanez et al. (1992) (Arsenic in seafood products by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry and a critical comparative study with platform furnace Zeeman-effect atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry) Campos et al. 

---