Atomic absorption spectrometry theory

S. J. Haswell (ed.), Atomic Absorption Spectrometry - Theory, Design and Applications, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam (1991). 

M. Cresser, in Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Theory, Design, and Applications , ed. S.J. Haswell, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1991, p. 515. 

Haswell SJ, ed. (1991) Atomic absorption spectrometry, theory, design and applications (Vol 5 in Analytical Spectroscopy Library), Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

M. T. C. de Loos-Vollebregt, L. de Galan, Theory of Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry, Spectrochim. Acta, 33B (1978), 495. 

L vov B. V., Bayonov P. A. and Ryabchuk (1981) A macrokinetic theory of sample vaporization in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, Spectrochim Acta, Part B 36 397-425. 

General Discussion and Elementary Theory of Flame Spectrometry (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Flame Photometry)... 

Dean JA and Rains TC, eds (1969/1971/1975) Flame emission and atomic absorption spectrometry, Vol 1 Theory, 1969, Vol 2 Components and techniques, 1971, Vol 3 Elements and matrices, 1975. Marcel Dekker, New York. 

Robinson JW (1981) Atomic absorption spectrometry. In Elving, Meehan EJ and Kolthoff IM, eds. Treatise on analytical chemistry. Part I (Theory and practice), second edition, Vol 7, section H, Optical methods of analysis, pp. 730-800. John Wiley Sons, New York. 

Dean, John A., and Rains, Theodore C., Editors, Flame Emission and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Vol. 1, Theory (1969), Vol. 2, Components and Techniques (1971), Marcel Dekker, New York. 

See alsa Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Electrothermal. Atomic Emission Spectrometry Flame Photometry. Cadmium. Carbon. Chemiiuminescence Overview. Fluorescence Environmental Applications. Gas Chromatography Environmental Applications. Laser-Based Techniques. Lead. Nitrogen. Ozone. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Environmental Applications. Remote Gas Sensing Overview. Spectrophotometry Inorganic Compounds. Sulfur. X-Ray Fluorescence and Emission X-Ray Fluorescence Theory. 

Flame atomic absorption was until recently the most widely used techniques for trace metal analysis, reflecting its ease of use and relative freedom from interferences. Although now superceded in many laboratories by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry still is a very valid option for many applications. The sample, usually in solution, is sprayed into the flame following the generation of an aerosol by means of a nebulizer. The theory of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and details of the basic instrumentation required are described in a previous article. This article briefly reviews the nature of the flames employed in AAS, the specific requirements of the instrumentation for use with flame AAS, and the atomization processes that take place within the flame. An overview is given of possible interferences and various modifications that may provide some practical advantage over conventional flame cells. Finally, a number of application notes for common matrices are given. 

See also Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Principles and Instrumentation. Chiroptical Analysis. Chromatography Overview Principles. Clinical Analysis Glucose. Enzymes Enzyme-Based Electrodes. Food and Nutritional Analysis Overview. Infrared Spectroscopy Overview. Mass Spectrometry Overview. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Overview. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Applications Food. Optical Spectroscopy Detection Devices. Sampling Theory. Spectrophotometry Overview. Sweeteners. X-Ray Absorption and Diffraction Overview. 

See also Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Flame. Atomic Emission Spectrometry Flame Photometry. Carbohydrates Starch Dietary Fiber Measured as Nonstarch Polysaccharides in Plant Foods. Chiroptical Analysis. Essential Oils. Ethanol. Food and Nutritional Analysis Antioxidants and Preservatives Contaminants. Isotope Ratio Measurements. Liquid Chromatography Food Applications. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Appiications Food. Optical Spectroscopy Refractometry and Reflectometry. Pesticides. Sampiing Theory. Vitamins Fat-Soluble Water-Soluble. Water Determination. 

See also Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Principles and Instrumentation. Chemiluminescence Overview. Chromatography Overview. Flow Injection Analysis Principles Instrumentation. Ion-Selective Electrodes Overview. Quality Assurance Quality Control Reference Materials. Sample Handling Sample Preservation. Sampling Theory. Water Analysis Overview Organic Compounds. Water Determination. 

The first quantitative analytical fields to be developed were for quantitative elemental analysis, which revealed how much of each element was present in a sample. These early techniques were not instrumental methods, for the most part, but relied on chemical reactions, physical separations, and weighing of products (gravimetry), titrations (titrimetry or volumetric analysis), or production of colored products with visual estimation of the amount of color produced (colorimetry). Using these methods, it was found, for example, that dry sodium chloride, NaCl, always contained 39.33% Na and 60.67% Cl. The atomic theory was founded on early quantitative results such as this, as were the concept of valence and the determination of atomic weights. Today, quantitative inorganic elemental analysis is performed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), AES of many sorts, inorganic MS (snch as ICP-MS), XRF, ion chromatography (1C), and other techniques discussed in detail in later chapters. 

Bromine-atom atomic resonance absorption spectrometry (ARAS) has been applied to measure the thermal decomposition rate constants of CF3Br in Kr over the temperature range 1222-1624 K. The results were found to be consistent with recently published theory. The formation of cyclopent[a]indene and acenaphthylene from alkyl esters of biphenyl-mono- and -di-carboxylic acids has been observed in flash vacuum pyrolyses at 1000-1100 °C. The kinetics and mechanisms of free-radical generation in the ternary system containing styrene epoxide, / -TsOH, and i-PrOH have been examined in both the presence and absence of O2. ... 

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