Atomic absorption spectrometry magnesium

Magnesium deficiency has been long recognized, but hypermagnesia also occurs (Anderson and Talcott 1994). Magnesium can be determined in fluids by FAAS, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and ICP-MS. In tissue Mg can be determined directly by solid sampling atomic absorption spectrometry (SS-AAS) (Herber 1994a). Both Ca and Mg in plasma/serum are routinely determined by photometry in automated analyzers. 

Atomic absorption spectrometry has been used to determine magnesium in seawater [413-415]. 

Tony et al. [951] have discussed an online preconcentration flame atomic absorption spectrometry method for determining iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, and zinc in seawater. A sampling rate of 30 samples per hour was achieved and detection limits were 4.0,1.0,1.0,0.5, and 0.5 xg/l, for iron, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, and zinc, respectively. 

Tominaga et al. [682,683] studied the effect of ascorbic acid on the response of these metals in seawater obtained by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry from standpoint of variation of peak times and the sensitivity. Matrix interferences from seawater in the determination of lead, magnesium, vanadium, and molybdenum were suppressed by addition of 10% (w/v) ascorbic acid solution to the sample in the furnace. Matrix effects on the determination of cobalt and copper could not be removed in this way. These workers propose a direct method for the determination of lead, manganese, vanadium, and molybdenum in seawater. 

The application of palladium and magnesium nitrate matrix modifier for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry has been discussed in detail [686]. The work has shown that a mixture of palladium and magnesium... 

Atomic absorption spectrometry is the method of choice for clinical chemists, with serum usually being analysed to determine magnesium concentration, although in this case synthetic urine is being analysed to assess the amount of magnesium being processed by the kidneys. 

To optimize the instrumental conditions for the analysis of magnesium by atomic absorption spectrometry. 

Using palladium-magnesium nitrate mixtures as chemical modifiers, Hinds and Jackson [114] effectively delayed the atomisation of lead until atomic absorption spectrometer furnace conditions were nearly isothermal. This technique was used to determine lead in soil slurries. Zhang et al. [115] investigated the application of low-pressure electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry to the determination of lead in soils. 

Official methods have been published for the determination of exchangeable and extractable magnesium in soils [131]. Magnesium is extracted from the soil with 1M ammonium acetate and determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The determination of magnesium in soils is also discussed under Multi-Metal Analysis of Soils in Sects. 2.55 (atomic absorption spectrometry), 2.55 (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry), 2.55 (photon activation analysis) and 2.55 (ion chromatography). 

Schlemmer, G. and B. Welz. 1986. Palladium and magnesium nitrates, a more universal modifier for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta B 41 1157-1165. 

Small et al. [6] used this technique to determine ammonion ion in rain. Kadowaki [35] applied ion chromatography for the determination of sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium and magnesium in rainwater samples. The method was compared to atomic absorption spectrometry and found to be less influenced by interferences. 

A. N. Araujo, R. C. C. Costa, J. L. F. C. Lima, B. F. Reis, Sequential injection system in flame atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of calcium and magnesium in mineral waters, Anal. Chim. Acta, 358 (1998), 111-119. 

A 250 mL sample of each solution from the polyethylene bottle was filtered through a Millipore filter (0.45 urn pore size). The concentrations of chloride, nitrate and sulfate ions in the filtrate were determined by ion chromatography using a YEW IC 100 of Yokogawa Hokushin Electric Co. Ltd. The concentrations of sodium and potassium were determined by flame emission spectrometry and concentrations of calcium and magnesium by atomic absorption spectrometry using a Hitachi 170-50 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. An aliquot of each filtrate was used for the determination of Sr by ICP emission spectrometry after adding nitric acid (0.1 N), detailed analytical conditions of which are reported elsewhere (3). 

For chemical analysis of each sample, approximately 10 g of soil was transferred to a Gooch crucible. Surface debris such as twigs were removed, and the crucibles were heated in a muffle furnace at 500 °C for 24 h to remove organic components. The ashed soil was then pulverized with a pestle in a porcelain mortar. For each soil position, four 0.5-g portions of fine powder were analyzed separately, and the results were averaged. Soil analyses were performed in-house by atomic absorption spectrometry on a Varian Model 1250 spectrophotometer according to our previously reported method, which involves total dissolution of the sample in acid (11,12). The elements assayed were strontium, zinc, magnesium, calcium, sodium, lead, iron, aluminum, manganese, and potassium. 

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was adopted as the second method of analysis and since low volumes of air were sampled, only a limited number of elements were detected in the collected particles (calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, and zinc). Aluminum, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, manganese, and nickel were not detected in any of the samples. This resulted in a limited... 

The uptake of aluminum, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, cop-per, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silver, tin, and zinc by B. subtilis Strain 168 is reported. These data were obtained during the lag phase, exponential phase, stationary phase, and the sporulation phase of the maturation cycle of this bacterial strain. Nonflame atomic absorption spectrometry was the method of analysis for all the metals except calcium, which was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The complete microbiological and analytical procedures are described. Uptake curves as a function of moles per cell, of moles per dry weight of a cell, and of percent available are reported. The data show that these metals seem to be required for growth. No attempts were made to postulate the roles played by these metals. 

Figure 1 represents four examples of the evaluation of measurement uncertainty for potassium, calcium, magnesium and glucose using flame photometry, atomic absorption spectrometry and molecular spectrometry (Mg determination with Titan Yellow and glucose determination with glucose oxidase). For the sake of simplicity in Fig. 1, the component of uncertain-... 

Fig 1 Measurement uncertainty components for the determination of potassium by flame photometry (SI), calcium by atomic absorption spectrometry (S2), magnesium by molecular spectrophotometry (55), glucose by molecular spectrophotometry (S4)... 

Serum magnesium has been measured by various techniques including fluorometry, flame emission spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectrometry Today, pho-... 

Martin MT, Shapiro R. Atomic absorption spectrometry of magnesium. Methods Enzymol 1988 158 365-70. 

Willis (W12) has recently summarized the principles and applications of this method. A short note appeared recently regarding the use of atomic absorption spectrometry for serum and urine copper analysis (B15). The sensitivity of this method for copper is rather less than for such other biologically important trace metals as magnesium, zinc, and sodium. The sensitivity can be improved by extracting the copper as dithiocarbamate or pyrollidinedithiocarbamate complex (A7) into methyl isobutyl ketone. While this method is less sensitive than some others, it is nevertheless very specific and the apparatus is only moderately expensive. 

Arskan Z, Tyson JF. 1999. Determination of calcium, magnesium and strontium in soils by flow injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 50 929-937. 

A recent application of graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry in nuclear plants is the purity control of primary-side water, necessary because some species occurring In water, such as aluminium, calcium, magnesium and silica, can contribute to the formation of undesirable crude deposits on the nuclear fuel cladding and should therefore be reduced to very low levels (a few pg/L) in the primary water. 

Welz B, Schlemmeeg S and Mudakavi JR (1992) Palladium nitrate-magnesium nitrate modifier for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Part 5. Performance for the determination of 21 elements. J Anal At Spectrom 7 1257-1271. 

Vinas P, Campillo N, Garcia IL and Cordoba MH (1993b) Flow-injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry for slurry atomization. Determination of calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese in vegetables. Anal Chim Acta 283 393-400. 

Recently, the determination of calcium and magnesium by atomic absorption spectrometry is preferred gravimetric and manganometric determinations after elimination of calcium in the form of calcium oxalate are losing their importance [14]. 

J. L. Burguera, M. Burguera, and O. M. Alarcdn, Determination of Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Copper and Zinc in Cerebrospinal Fluid by Flow Injection Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 1 (1986) 79. 

Gardner, D. (1980) The use of magnesium perchlorate as desiccant in the syringe injection technique for the determination of mercury by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta, 119, 167-169. 

Aluminium, iron, magnesium, manganese, silicon (by flame atomic absorption spectrometry) EN 12485 [6.10]... 

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