Atomic absorption spectrometry selenium

Diaz-Alarcon, J.P., Navarro-Alarcon, M., Lopez-Garcia de la Serrana, H., Lopez-Martinez, M.C. Determination of selenium in meat products by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry-selenium levels in meat, organ meats, and sausages in Spain. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44, 1494-1497 (1996)... 

Non-volatile elemental and inorganic selenium, biologically formed in bacterial or plant samples, can be determined via atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)... 

Other methods reported for the determination of beryllium include UV-visible spectrophotometry [80,81,83], gas chromatography (GC) [82], flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) [84-88] and graphite furnace (GF) AAS [89-96]. The ligand acetylacetone (acac) reacts with beryllium to form a beryllium-acac complex, and has been extensively used as an extracting reagent of beryllium. Indeed, the solvent extraction of beryllium as the acety-lacetonate complex in the presence of EDTA has been used as a pretreatment method prior to atomic absorption spectrometry [85-87]. Less than 1 p,g of beryllium can be separated from milligram levels of iron, aluminium, chromium, zinc, copper, manganese, silver, selenium, and uranium by this method. See also Sect. 5.74.9. 

Neve et al. [547] digested the sample with nitric acid. After digestion the sample is reacted selectively with an aromatic o-diamine, and the reaction product is detected by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry after the addition of nickel (III) ions. The detection limit is 20mg/l, and both selenium (IV) and total selenium can be determined. There was no significant interference in a saline environment with three times the salinity of seawater. 

Willie et al. [17] used the hydride generation graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry technique to determine selenium in saline estuary waters and sea waters. A Pyrex cell was used to generate selenium hydride which was carried to a quartz tube and then a preheated furnace operated at 400 °C. Pyrolytic graphite tubes were used. Selenium could be determined down to 20 ng/1. No interference was found due to, iron copper, nickel, or arsenic. 

It is seen by examination of Table 1.11(b) that a wide variety of techniques have been employed including spectrophotometry (four determinants), combustion and wet digestion methods and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (three determinants each), atomic absorption spectrometry, potentiometric methods, molecular absorption spectrometry and gas chromatography (two determinants each), and flow-injection analysis and neutron activation analysis (one determinant each). Between them these techniques are capable of determining boron, halogens, total and particulate carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, silicon, selenium, arsenic antimony and bismuth in soils. 

Cutter [122] used a selective hydride generation procedure as a basis for the differential determination of arsenic and selenium species in sediments. Goulden et al. [123] also discuss the determination of arsenic and selenium in sediments by atomic absorption spectrometry. 

Various workers have discussed the application of atomic absorption spectrometry to the determination of selenium in rocks [159,160] achieving detection limits of 0.06g g-1 [159] and 1.4xl0 10g g-1 [160] respectively. Hydride generation and measurement of hydride fluorescence has been used to determine selenium [120, 161] with a sensitivity of 0.06ug Se mL 1 which is 5-30 times than is achieved by conventional atomic absorption spectrometry. 

B. Do, S. Robinet, D. Pradeau and F. Guyon, Speciation of arsenic and selenium compounds by ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Application of experimental design for chromatographic optimisation, J. Chromatogr. A, 918(1), 2001, 87-98. 

In an interlab oratory study involving 160 accredited hazardous materials laboratories reported by Kimbrough and Wakakuwa [28], each laboratory performed a mineral acid digestion on five soils spiked with arsenic, cadmium, molybdenum, selenium and thallium. Analysis of extracts was carried out by atomic emission spectrometry, inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. 

Martens and Suarez [37 ] employed sequential extraction and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry to analyse soil for arsenic and selenium and achieved excellent precision. 

Mierzwa and Dobrowolski [39 ] determined selenium using combined slurry sampling, microwave-assisted extraction and hydride atomic absorption spectrometry. Lopez-Garcia et al. [40] also used slurry sampling in the determination of arsenic and antimony in soil. 

A method has been reported [200] for determining total arsenic (and selenium) in soils based on atomic absorption spectrometry and flow injection analysis. The method exhibits good recoveries and detection limits below 1 ig/l for an injection volume of 160 pi. 

Martens et al. [202] and McCurdy et al. [203] have employed hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, respectively, to determine selenium in soils. 

Bern [210] has reviewed methods developed up to 1981 for the determination of selenium in soil. These methods include neutron activation analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry, gas chromatography and spectrophotomet-ric methods. Square-wave cathodic stripping voltammetry has been used to determine selenium in soils [212],... 

Further work on the determination of selenium in soil is reported under Multi-Cation Analysis Methods including atomic absorption spectrometry (Sect. 2.55), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (Sect. 2.55), and neutron activation analysis (Sect. 2.55). 

Pedersen, G.A. and Larsen, E.H. (1997) Speciation of four selenium compounds using high performance liquid chromatography with on-line detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and flame atomic absorption spectrometry Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 358, 591-598. 

Martens, DA. and Suarez, D.L. (1997) Selenium speciation of soil/sediment determined with sequential extractions and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 133. 

Pitts, L., PI. Worsfold, and J. Hill. 1994. Selenium speciation—a flow injection approach employing online microwave reduction followed by hydride generation-quartz furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Analyst 119 2785-2788. 

Narsito, J. Agterdenbos, and S.J. Santosa. 1990. Study of processes in the hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry of antimony, arsenic and selenium. Anal. Chim. Acta 237 189-199. 

Reddy et al. [121] studied the speciation of selenium in groundwaters by adsorption of selenite and selenate onto copper oxide particles followed by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry and ion chromatography. 

V. E. Negretti de Bratter, P. Bratter, A. Tomiak, An automated microtechnique for selenium determination in human body fluids by flow injection hydride atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HAAS), J. Trace Elem. Electrolytes Health Dis., 4 (1990), 41-48. 

F. Li, E. Rossipal, K. J. Irgolic, Determination of selenium in human milk by hydride cold-trapping atomic absorption spectrometry and calculation of daily selenium intake, J. Agric. Food Chem., 47 (1999), 3265-3268. 

P. C. Aleixo, J. A. Lobrega, Direct determination of bon and selenium in bovine milk by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, Food Chem., 83 (2003), 457-462. 

J. Cvetkovic, T. D. M. Stafilov, Nickel and strontium nitrates as modifiers for the determination of selenium in wine by Zeeman electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 370 (2001), 1077-1081. 

M. A. Z. Arruda, M. Gallego, M. Valcarcel, Semi-on-line microwave assisted digestion of shellfish tissue for the determination of selenium by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 11 (1996), 169-173. 

D. C. Reamer, C. Veillon, Preparation of biological materials for determination of selenium by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 53 (1981), 1192-1195. 

K. Julshamn, O. Ringdal, K. E. Slinning, O. R. Braekkan, Optimisation of determination of selenium in marine samples by atomic absorption spectrometry comparison of a flameless graphite furnace atomic absorption system with a hydride generation atomic absorption system, Spectrochim. Acta, 37B (1982), 473-482. 

M. Hoenig, P. Van Hoeyweghen, Determination of selenium and arsenic in animal tissues with platform furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and deuterium background correction, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 24 (1986), 193-202. 

P. Hocquellet, M. P. Candiller, Evaluation of microwave digestion and solvent extraction for the determination of trace amounts of selenium in feeds and plant and animal tissues by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, Analyst, 116 (1991), 505-509. 

R. Saraswati, T. W. Vetter, R. L. Watters, Jr, Comparison of reflux and microwave oven digestion for the determination of arsenic and selenium in sludge reference materials using flow-injection and atomic absorption spectrometry, Analyst, 120 (1995), 95-99. 

M. Deaker, W. A. Maher, Low volume microwave digestion for the determination of selenium in marine biological tissues by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 350 (1997), 287-294. 

---