High-performance liquid chromatography with atomic absorption spectrometry

Lawrence, J.F., Michalik, P., Tam, G. and Conacher, H.B.S. (1986). Identification of arsenobetain and arsenocholine in Canadian fish and shellfish by high-performance liquid chromatography with atomic absorption detection and confirmation by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 34, 315-319. 

Diemer, J. and Heumann, K.G. (1997) Bromide/bromate speciation by NTI-IDMS and ICP-MS coupled with ion exchange chromatography. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 357,74-79. Duan, YX., Wu, M., Jin, Q.H. and Hieftje, G.M. (1995) Vapour generation of nonmetals coupled to microwave plasma-torch mass-spectrometry. Spectrochim. Acta B, 50,355-368. Ebdon, L., Hill, S. and Jones, R (1987) Interface system for directly coupled high performance liquid chromatography-flame atomic absorption spectrometry for trace metal determination./. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2, 205-210. 

Hansen, S.H., Larsen, E.H., Pritzi, G. and Cornett, C. (1992) Separation of seven arsenic compounds by high performance liquid chromatography with on-line detection by hydrogen-argon flame atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry./. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1, 629-634. 

G. Alsing Pedersen, E. H. Larsen, Speciation of four selenium compounds using high performance liquid chromatography with on-line detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 358 (1997), 591-598. 

Chemical analysis of hazardous substances in air, water, soil, sediment, or solid waste can best be performed by instrumental techniques involving gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), GC/mass spectrometry (MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AA) (for the metals). GC techniques using a flame ionization detector (FID) or electron-capture detector (BCD) are widely used. Other detectors can be used for specific analyses. However, for unknown substances, identification by GC is extremely difficult. The number of pollutants listed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are only in the hundreds — in comparison with the thousands of harmful... 

Note AAS Atomic absorption spectroscopy ICP-MS Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry MAFF Ministry of agriculture fisheries and food HPLC-UV High performance liquid chromatography with UV detection ASV Anodic stripping voltammetry CSV Cathodic stripping voltammetry. 

Methods also employed for determination of inorganic lead include isotope dilution mass spectrometry, flame atomic fluorescence spectrometry, and molecular absorption spectrometry, but these methods are not used for routine applications. Methods for the determination of organolead speciation are high-performance liquid chromatography with a separation of the species and flame AAS or UV detection. 

Note BA biamperometric titration CE-CCD capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection CL chemiluminescence EB electrochemical biosensor FAAS flame atomic absorption spectrometry FIA flow injection analysis HPLC-UV high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection MC multicommutation P potentiometry SIA sequential injection analysis SP spectrophotometry TB turbidimetry. 

Basic techniques for speciation analysis are typically composed of a succession of analytical steps, e.g. extraction either with organic solvents (e.g. toluene, dichloromethane) or different acids (e.g. acetic or hydrochloric acid), derivatisa-tion procedures (e.g. hydride generation, Grignard reactions), separation (gas chromatography (GC) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)), and detection by a wide variety of methods, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), mass spectrometry (MS), flame photometric detection (FPD), electron capture detection (ECD), etc. Each of these steps includes specific sources of error which have to be evaluated. 

Figure 6.1 Bar-graph of MeHg in CRM 580. The results correspond to six replicate determinations as performed by different laboratories using various methods. MEANS indicates the mean of laboratory means with 95% confidence interval. Abbreviations-. CVAAS, cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry CVAFS, cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry ECD, electron capture detection GC, gas chromatography HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography ICPMS, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry MIP, microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry QFAAS, quartz furnace atomic absorption spectrometry SFE, supercritical fluid extraction.

High, K.A., Azani, R., Fazekas, A.F., Chee, Z.A. and Blais, J.-S. (1992) Thermospray-microatomizer interface for the determination of trace cadmium and cadmium-metallothioneins in biological samples with flow injection- and high-performance liquid chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 64, 3197-3201. 

High performance liquid chromatography coupled with hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry has been used for the determination of arsenic species in non saline water samples [265],... 

M. A. Lopez, M. M. Gomez, C. Camara, Determination of six arsenic species by high-performance liquid chromatography - hydride generation - atomic absorption spectrometry with on-line thermo-oxidation, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem, 346 (1993), 643-647. 

Sarica, D.Y., Turker, A.R., and Erol, E. Onhne speciation and determination of Cr(III) and CrfVt) in drinking and waste water samples by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with atomic absorption spectrometry. J. Sep. Sci. 2006, 29,1600-1606. 

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