Cartilage

Highest amide l/ll ratio Lowest amidej/ll ratio 

Comparison of results of scanning electron microscopy and MRI was done before and after administration of a radiographic contrast agent in the tendon of the deep digital flexor muscle obtained from horse cadavers. 

In vivo and ex vivo applications of MRI techniques in early stage of cartilage disease were reviewed in reference 20. 

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Cartilage Cartilage wire Cartons Cartridge brass Cartrol... 

The bearing surface of each joint is cushioned by cartilage. This tissue minimizes friction. The cartilage also reduces force on the bone by absorbing shock. The joint area is a narrow space known as an articular cavity which allows freedom of movement. 

In the knee, the menisci form an interarticular fibrocartilage base for femural and tibial articulation. The menisci form a crescent shape in the knee. The lateral meniscus is located on the outer side of the knee, and the medial meniscus is located on the inside of the knee. If the knee bends and twists the menisci can overstretch and tear. Menisci tears occur frequentiy and the knee can sustain more than one tear at a time. If not treated appropriately, however, a menisci tear can roughen the cartilage and lead to arthritis. A meniscus tear acts like grit in the ball bearings of a machine. The longer the torn tissue remains affected, the more irritation it causes. 

Meniscus surgery can repair or remove the tom cartilage, depending on the nature of the tear. Arthroscopy, a procedure through small skin incisions to visualize and repair the affected joint, is frequentiy employed. This procedure is sometimes performed on an out-patient basis. If repair of the menisci is not possible the surgeon removes as tittle of the meniscus as possible. 

Epiglottis Leaf-shaped cartilage which closes larynx during swallowing. 

Collagen is a rigid, inextensible fibrous protein that is a principal constituent of connective tissue in animals, including tendons, cartilage, bones, teeth, skin, and blood vessels. The high tensile strength of collagen fibers in these struc-... 

Proteoglycans may be soluble and located in the extracellular matrix, as is the case for serglycin, versican, and the cartilage matrix proteoglycan, or they may be integral transmembrane proteins, such as syndecan. Both types of proteoglycan... 

Secreted or extracellular matrix proteoglyeans Large aggregating cartilage proteoglycans CS/KS 220,952 2124... 

FIGURE 9.34 Hyaluronate (see Figure 7.33) forms the backbone of proteoglycan structures, such as those found in cartilage. 

Schild-knorpel, m. thyroid cartilage, -kraut, n. skullcap Scutellaria), -krote, /. turtle, tortoise. -laus, /. cochineal insect, -part, n. tortoise shell. 

Sesam, m. sesame, -knorpel, m. sesamoid cartilage. -kuchen, m. sesame (oil) cake, -ol, n. sesame oil. -saat, /. sesame seed. Sesquiozyd, n. sesquioxide. 

Spann-knorpel, m. thyroid cartilage, -kraft, /. tension extensibility, expansibility, elasticity. tonicity. 

Once formed, an acyl CoA is a substrate for further nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. For example, iV-acetylglucosamine, a component of cartilage and other connective tissues, is synthesized by an aminolysis reaction between... 

Collagen, the principal fibrous protein in mammalian tissue, has a tertiary structure made up of twisted a-helices. Three polypeptide chains, each of which is a left-handed helix, are twisted into a right-handed super helix to form an extremely strong tertiary structure. It has remarkable tensile strength, which makes it important in the structure of bones, tendons, teeth, and cartilage. 

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